HOUSE BILL NO. 3 "An Act relating to specie as legal tender in the state; and relating to borough and city sales and use taxes on specie." 3:03:44 PM REPRESENTATIVE KEVIN MCCABE, SPONSOR, gave a brief introduction to HB 3. He read from the sponsor statement (copy on file) as follows: The purpose of HB 3 is to recognize Alaska's constitutional duty, power and right under Section 10, Article I, of the United States Constitution, and the Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution to make gold and silver legal tender in the payment of debt. HB 3 will secure the rights of citizens of this state under the Ninth and Tenth Amendments of the United States Constitution to tender gold and silver in the payment of a debt should the merchant or payee agree to accept it. This bill will bring Alaska into full compliance with the United States Constitution with the policies, practices, and procedures of this State with respect to the use of gold, silver, and specie as legal tender in the payment of debt. Representative McCabe added that 12 other states had already passed similar legislation to accept gold and silver coins as legal tender. Tennessee had passed its legal tender bill in the current year and Missouri and Minnesota would be soon hearing a version of the legislation. As of 2022, there were 42 states that had removed some or all of the taxes from the purchase of gold and silver. He continued reading from the sponsor statement: This bill will preserve, protect, and promote the state and its economic security, safety, health, and welfare of the people of this state; and protect this state and its citizens in the acquisition and possession of gold and silver and their use as legal tender in the payment of debt. Representative McCabe noted that his office was working on a modification to Article 5, Subparagraph C of the bill. The section tasked the House Finance Committee with studying the possibility of establishing additional forms of legal tender for various expenses, and the change would move that responsibility to the Legislative Budget and Audit Committee (LB&A). The change was suggested by Representative Hannan in the prior year and he agreed that LB&A would be better suited for the job. He concluded his comments and offered to Co-Chair Foster suggested that the invited testifier speak on the bill. 3:06:43 PM JP CORTEZ, POLICY DIRECTOR, SOUND MONEY DEFENSE, thanked the committee for hearing HB 3 and stated his support for the bill. He understood that Alaska did not charge a sales tax on purchases of goods, but boroughs and municipalities occasionally chose to charge a sales tax. He thought that sales taxes discouraged Alaskans who wished to own gold and silver to protect their savings at a time of record high inflation. The bill would ensure that there were no taxes or disincentives to prevent Alaskans from owning the precious metals. He reiterated that the bill would also put Alaska in compliance with the U.S. Constitution. Mr. Cortez continued that one of the reasons that the bill was important was because investments were not typically subject to sales tax. There were 42 states that had active legislation to eliminate sales taxes from precious metals and reaffirm gold and silver as legal tender. He relayed that there was currently a similar bill on the Mississippi governor's desk and once signed, it would make Mississippi the forty-third state to pass similar legislation. He added that Missouri and Arkansas also had bills to reaffirm gold and silver as legal tender and the bills were anticipated to pass within the following week. In 2023, there were 25 states that had introduced similar legislation to either remove taxes from the purchase or from the sale of metals. He indicated that HB 3 would also allow the state treasurer to invest state funds in physical holdings to establish in- state depositories. He thanked the committee for its time. Co-Chair Foster reminded the committee that there was a meeting with the governor in 21 minutes and he planned to spend 15 minutes on each of the bills on the agenda. Representative Josephson understood that Alaska was already in compliance with the US Constitution; however, the system to use gold and silver was simply not in place. It was an option for the state, but the state was not in non- compliance by not engaging in the system. He asked Mr. Cortez if his understanding was accurate. Mr. Cortez responded that Representative Josephson's understanding was accurate. He indicated that one could make the argument that taxes or impediments on using gold and silver as legal tender were in opposition to the spirit of the U.S. Constitution. 3:10:22 PM Representative Ortiz asked if any other states had begun to use gold and silver in normal transactions. He wondered if it had created any confusion in the business world. Mr. Cortez responded that some states had begun to use the system. He emphasized that there was no obligation and businesses could choose to accept or decline gold and silver as a form of currency. There were businesses in other states and countries that had decided to accept gold backs as currency. Representative Ortiz asked why there was a recent push to establish the system in the current year as opposed to beginning the process years ago. Mr. Cortez responded that the world was in an unprecedented monetary period. Advocates of gold financing had been predicting that a time of high inflation would inevitably arrive, and it had. He opined that paper money had been an experiment for decades and that state treasurers, investment groups, and citizens were "waking up" to the realization that "paper money is just that" and it was not as established as gold and silver. Representative Stapp asked if capital gains would be applicable if an individual were to purchase gold or silver and sell it for profit in a year's time. Mr. Cortez responded that federal gains would be applicable but there would be no applicable state taxes because Alaska did not have a state income tax. 3:13:53 PM Representative Galvin asked how many decades paper money had been an experiment. Mr. Cortez responded it had been five decades, starting in 1971. Representative Galvin stated her understanding that Mr. Cortez thought that the world needed to "wake up" to the gold and silver standard. She was also hearing from young people that the world needed to wake up to the idea that money was abstract and could be traded online. There seemed to be a wide spectrum as to how money was viewed. She wondered what the advantages would be to returning to the gold and silver standard as opposed to using cryptocurrency and other online monies. Mr. Cortez responded that prior to 1971, barring the years during which the country was involved in a world war, there was no inflation. He thought official inflation numbers in the present day were close to 7 percent. Individuals on hourly wages, individuals with fixed incomes, and retirees were most harmed by inflation. It was difficult to make long-term plans when the economic environment was unstable. He opined that it was easier to make long-term plans when one could rely on a stable unit of currency that was not being manipulated. Representative Galvin asked for a description of the difference between the price of oil changing, the price of gold changing, and the inflationary costs of goods. She was trying to understand his argument that gold bars would eradicate inflation. Mr. Cortez responded that from 1931 to 1971, there was a floating exchange rate. Prior to 1931, the traditional gold standard required that a dollar be attached to a fixed amount of gold. There was a period of nearly 100 years where there was no inflation in the United States. He acknowledged that there was some movement in the price of gold as it was a global market and one of the most liquid markets in existence. Silver was a production metal and was used in jewelry, cars, and other technologies and there were industrial reasons for the movement of silver. The difference between gold and silver was that gold was not necessarily traded as an industrial metal. Mr. Cortez continued that there were certain countries that were stockpiling the available gold supply to bolster the countries' treasuries. It was difficult for individuals to trade commodities such as oil, but gold and silver were generally uniform assets regardless of one's background and nationality. He indicated that gold was a universal trading instrument and had a fixed quantity in addition to a longstanding history of stability. He thought it was important that gold was mentioned in the U.S. Constitution. He concluded that for the reasons mentioned, gold should be placed in a different category than other commodities. 3:19:30 PM Co-Chair Foster asked if Mr. Cortez would be available online as a resource for future committee meetings on the bill. Mr. Cortez responded that he would be available. HB 3 was HEARD and HELD in committee for further consideration.