HOUSE BILL NO. 57 "An Act relating to the budget reserve fund established under art. IX, sec. 17(d), Constitution of the State of Alaska; relating to money available for appropriation for purposes of applying art. IX, sec. 17, Constitution of the State of Alaska; and providing for an effective date." 1:35:30 PM REPRESENTATIVE ANDY JOSEPHSON, SPONSOR, thanked the committee for hearing the bill. He shared that he had been a legislative staffer when the House had passed the amendment for the Constitutional Budget Reserve (CBR) in 1990. He opined that presently, the state likely would not create a CBR but acknowledged the creation had a lasting effect. He indicated that the CBR was a way to house funds more accessible than the corpus [of the Permanent Fund] but not readily accessible. He commented that a 30/15 vote was necessary to access the funds. He referenced the funds subject to the sweep that were fundamental to the CBR. He noted the dispute amongst legislators whether the CBR debt mattered since it was a debt to the legislature that did not bear interest. He specified that the funds subject to the sweep needed to be in the general fund and available for appropriation. The bill had originated from a situation in July 2019 [Special Session]. He delineated that several hearings took place in the Senate Finance Committee [post regular session] regarding what funds were subject to the sweep that involved the Legislative Finance Division (LFD), Division of Audit, Office of Management and Budget, and the Department of Law (DOL). He mentioned the various views on what funds were subject to the sweep and cited a memo from the Attorney General (AG) at the time, Kevin Clarkson, [Attorney General, Department of Law, 2019- August 24, 2020] that included the Power Cost Equalization (PCE) as subject to the sweep. He provided context for the hearings; the Capital Budget was not yet adopted, the reverse sweep had not happened, and the states largest operating budget vetoes had occurred. He felt that the legislature was unable to figure a way out of the political or fiscal morass. 1:39:00 PM Representative Josephson continued that there were roughly 180 different sub-accounts of the General Fund (GF), and the question became how many of the funds were sweepable. The incident prompted him to introduce HB 57. He referenced a PowerPoint presentation (copy on file) titled "HB 57" showing the CBR language. He elaborated that the initial attempt to define what was available for appropriation occurred in 1994 in the case Hickel v. Cowper [both former governors]. He shared that he and his staffer, Ms. Elise Sorum-Birk studied the case and used it as their guidepost for the legislation. He related that the case concluded that not all funds were sweepable; monies that had already been appropriated were available for appropriation, however revolving loan funds were typically not deemed eligible for appropriation and would be against statutory intent and trust doctrine to expend all of a rotating funds monies therefore it was not all available for appropriation. He emphasized the complexity of the issue. He related that his key motivation was to avoid going through another situation like July 2019 again. He believed that the legislature should write a statute consistent with the 1994 state Supreme Court ruling. 1:44:11 PM Representative Josephson reported that the bill attempted to resolve the issues. He exemplified the provision in HB 57 that stated PCE was nominally held in the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) and not subject to appropriation. He relayed that he frequently had discussions with Kris Curtis, Legislative Auditor, Alaska Division of Legislative Audit; Megan Wallace, Director, Legislative Legal Services, Alaska State Legislature; and Alexei Painter, Director, Legislative Finance Division when working on the legislation. Representative Josephson concluded that the Supreme Court had ruled that some items were sweepable and some were not. Co-Chair Merrick noted that Representative Wool had joined the meeting. ELISE SORUM-BIRK, STAFF, REPRESENTATIVE ANDY JOSEPHSON, presented the PowerPoint presentation and began with a brief sectional analysis of the bill on slide 1 titled Sectional Analysis: Section 1 - Uncodified language- legislative intent and findings Section 2 - Defines "available for appropriation." Section 3 - Codifies the principle that funds found within the general fund that do not require further appropriation (or must be held separately by law) are not subject to the sweep. Lists funds that meet these requirements. Section 4 - Defines "general fund." Section 5 - Effective Date - June 30, 2021 Ms. Sorum-Birk elaborated that Section 1 was an analysis of the Hickel v. Cowper court case. She described Section 1 as a lengthy analysis of legislative findings and intent. She revealed that although abnormal, a clear record of why the bill was drafted in the manner chosen was important to establish. She highlighted that Section 2 repealed and reenacted AS 37.10.420 (a). The section contained the statutory definition for available for appropriation," and to align with the principles outlined in Hickel v Cowper, where the Supreme Court ruled that the initial legislative attempt was unconstitutional. She elaborated that Section 3 added language to AS 37.10.420 (b) and added that the list of GF was non-inclusive. She commented that Section 4 created a new section, AS 37.10.420(c), that defined "general fund" and outlined fund types explicitly not considered to be part of the general fund. She noted that Section 5 provided an effective date of Jun 30, 2021, to ensure that the legislation would be in effect prior to the FY 2021 CBR sweep occurring. Co-Chair Merrick noted that Representative Carpenter had joined the meeting. Ms. Sorum-Birk turned to slide 3 and addressed the CBR repayment provision: Article IX, Section 17(d)- "If an appropriation is made from the budget reserve fund, until the amount appropriated is repaid, the amount of money in the general fund available for appropriation at the end of each succeeding fiscal year shall be deposited in the budget reserve fund. The legislature shall implement this subsection by law." Ms. Sorum-Birk pointed out that an item had to meet two criteria: it had to be in the general fund and available for appropriation. She noted the emphasis on the last sentence stating the legislature shall implement this subsection by law. Even though, the legislature attempted to do so in 1994, the law was found unconstitutional. 1:50:22 PM AT EASE 1:50:52 PM RECONVENED Ms. Sorum-Birk turned to slide 4 titled Legislative Intent 1: "It is the intent of the legislature to create statutory definitions for these terms in alignment with both the current legal understanding of them and the reality of existing state fiscal systems." O A lack of clarity in statutes surrounding the mechanics of the sweep provision O Potential adverse impacts on the availability of important fund sources O July 2019 events O Need consistent meaning of terms "general fund" and "available for appropriation" Ms. Sorum-Birk referred to Representative Josephsons testimony describing the events of July 2019 and offered that the event illustrated the need for more clarity in the law on the matter. She shared the concern that without statutory definitions the sweep became a matter of administrative policy. She turned to Slide 5 titled Legislative Intent 2: It is the intent of the legislature to update the section of statute defining "available for appropriation" to specifically reflect the findings set forth in Hickel." The Alaska Supreme Court's analysis in the Hickel v. Cowper decision provides a framework A legislative obligation exists to implement by law Article 9 Section 17(d) of the constitution 1994 passage of House Bill 58 (AS 37.10.420) aimed to do this but was found to be broadly unconstitutional Supreme Court outlined general standard and invited a reexamination of this statute "We also make no attempt to name and classify as "available" or "unavailable" every fund within the treasury of the State of Alaska. We leave it, in the first instance, to executive and legislative branch officials more familiar with all of the funds involved to apply the general definition we adopt today." (Hickel v Cowper, 874 P. 2d 922, n. 27) Legislative Audit Finding No. 2019-089 of the State of Alaska FY 2019 Single Audit 1:54:05 PM Ms. Sorum-Birk offered that the court outlined the principles and provided a broad framework but left it to the policy makers to implement its views. She noted that in the ensuing years no legal remedy had been pursued. 1:54:50 PM Ms. Sorum-Birk reviewed on slide 6 titled Legislative Intent 3: "It is the intent of the legislature to protect the financial security of existing programs and maintain the integrity of state financial structures to the greatest extent possible" The Hickel ruling voiced clear opposition to disrupting the mechanics of state finance; advocated commonsense approach Legislature's view too narrow, Cowper's view too broad Revolving Loan Funds- "?the existing state programs dependent on these funds would have to be curtailed if these funds were expended on another purpose. These funds are maintained, however, because in the judgment of the legislature they serve worthwhile purposes." (Hickel, 874 P. 2d at 929) Ms. Sorum-Birk reviewed slide 7 titled "Legislative Intent 4 "The legislature finds that appropriated funds which can be expended with no further legislative action are no longer considered available for appropriation and thus would not be included in the sweep? It is the intent of the legislature to include this principle in the codified definition of 'available for appropriation. O True regardless of if the funds were given to a state agency to spend or were held in the general fund O Hickel - Article 17 did not require "counting funds already validly appropriated to a specific purpose as still 'available'" and that monies already "validly committed by the legislature to some purpose should not be counted as available." (Hickel, 874 P. 2d at 930-931) Ms. Sorum-Birk added to the first bullet point on the slide. She furthered that if a pot of money is fully obligated or if the legislature has relinquished its power of appropriation over a fund, then it is not subject to the sweep. 1:55:51 PM Ms. Sorum-Birk moved to slide 8 titled Legislative Intent 5: "The legislature finds that any funds that cannot be immediately expended through appropriation are not considered available for appropriation and thus are not subject to the sweep ? It is the intent of the legislature to include this principle in the codified definition of 'available for appropriation.' " The Hickel Court held that the voters, in supporting passage of the CBR resolution in 1990, were not trying to eliminate state services or liquidate state assets before funds in the CBR could be accessed (Hickel, 874 P. 2d at 928). Categories of funds that are not immediately spendable include: o illiquid assets o revolving loan funds o grants to the state from private entities Ms. Sorum-Birk commented that the intent was related to Governor Cowpers argument that all funds were considered sweepable. Ms. Sorum-Birk highlighted Slide 9 titled "Legislative Intent 6 The legislature finds that funds considered to be trust receipts, despite being included in the metric for calculating what is available, are to be excluded from the sweep? It is the intent of the legislature to include this principle in the codified definition of 'available for appropriation' and to clarify in statute the principle that trust receipts are not fully subject to the sweep provision." If actually appropriated must be included in "available for appropriation" Only a portion is available according to Hickel - the part that would be expended consistent with application of prudent "trust principles" Ms. Sorum-Birk observed that the court ruling employed the phrase trust receipts multiple times but the term was meaningless in relation to audits. She noted that in the ruling footnotes 22 and 23 outlined that trust principles were the key component of what funds were sweepable. Trust receipts included federal funds, funds given to the state for specific purposes from private entities, and appropriations from trust accounts. She read from footnote 23 Amounts appropriated by the legislature out of other funds with an executive agency for the purposes of administering these funds under explicit statutory authority may also be treated as a type of trust receipt. Vice-Chair Ortiz asked about the category of trust receipts and the historic way the sweep had been handled. He asked about the impact once trust receipts were removed from the sweep and if it would result in a reduction in sweepable funds. Ms. Sorum-Birk answered that the majority of trust receipts were already considered not sweepable. She deferred to the legislative auditor to provide details on what were currently considered trust receipts. KRIS CURTIS, LEGISLATIVE AUDITOR, ALASKA DIVISION OF LEGISLATIVE AUDIT, answered that trust receipts was not an accounting term. She elaborated that the term Trust Funds was commonly used and was explicitly defined in statute and had a different meaning than the use of trust receipts. She had heard federal funds were considered trust receipts. She had never encountered trust receipts used in accounting terms. 1:58:50 PM Vice-Chair Ortiz asked about the fiscal impact of trust receipts if the bill was adopted. Representative Josephson replied that it was necessary to look at July 2019 when the last sweep occurred. He did not recall whether OMB included trust receipts in the sweep. Ms. Sorum-Birk examined Slide 9 titled Legislative Intent 7: O "The Hickel Court treated money appropriated by state corporations much the same way as trust receipts?" O Alaska Energy Authority is a state corporation that holds the Power Cost Equalization (PCE) endowment fund. The PCE is not subject to sweep or part of the general fund for 4 reasons- 1) This fund is housed in a corporation 2) PCE follows an endowment model which requires application of prudent "trust principles" 3) Hickel says that only the money appropriated from a corporation must be counted as available for appropriation, even if a corporation had funds in excess of what it required to fulfill its purpose 4) The legislature has never fully appropriated the funds and it is unlikely that it would do so, as that would defy the very purpose of the fund Ms. Sorum-Birk elaborated that the slide was related to footnote 23 in the court case. The case considered that money appropriated from Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority (AIDEA) and Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) counted as available for appropriation but only the amount appropriated. 2:01:15 PM Ms. Sorum-Birk spoke to Slide 10 titled legislative intent 8: O "The legislature finds that the earnings reserve account, as an account in the Alaska permanent fund, is located outside of the general fund and thus is not subject to the sweep provision? It is the intent of the legislature to codify fund types that exist in the state treasury separately from the general fund to eliminate all uncertainty as to what constitutes the general fund." O Hickel- "the earnings reserve account, need not be deposited into the budget reserve." (Hickel, 874 P. 2d 922, 23) Ms. Sorum-Birk illustrated that if the logic of former Attorney General Clarkson had been followed, funds similar in use to GF would make the funds GF. Therefore, if something could be appropriated by the legislature it would count as GF, which was a cause of concern. Representative Josephson interjected that in Hickel v Cowper there was no other use of the ERA except for inflation proofing and paying Permanent Fund dividends (PFD). In relation to former AG Clarksons interpretation, it left open the possibility that constitutionally the Earnings Reserve Account (ERA) could be sweepable although statutorily, it is not. 2:02:54 PM Ms. Sorum-Birk examine Slide 11 titled legislative intent number 9: "It is the intent of the legislature to define eneral fund' in a way that is practical, logical, and stabilizing in nature." O No statutory or constitutional definition for the term "general fund" exists O Occurs 200+ times throughout statute O Lack of consistency between organizations - currently a matter of policy rather than law O It is common practice in other states to define 'general fund' Ms. Sorum-Birk addressed Slide 12 titled "What is the General Fund:" .notdef There isn't consensus between state agencies .notdef In budgeting terms, we are used to thinking in terms of UGF, DGF, Federal and Other .notdef These categories don't align with the accounts in the state treasury .notdef The CAFR says .notdef "All public monies and revenues coming into the state treasury not specifically authorized by statute to be placed in a special fund constitute the General Fund" .notdef But also notes - "Not all revenues that flow into the General Fund are available to pay for unrestricted government activities. The most notable are federal revenues, which are provided for specific purposes." .notdef It is common practice in public finance to define general fund Ms. Sorum-Birk reported that the bill adopted a broad definition that spoke to how GF existed as an account in the state treasury. 2:05:07 PM Ms. Sorum-Birk turned to Slide 13 titled definition of the general fund: The primary operating fund of the state, consisting of all money paid into the state treasury that is not specifically authorized by law to be placed in a separate fund Excludes: Funds held or managed by legally separate entities that the state is financially accountable for including funds held or managed by public corporations and the University of Alaska enterprise funds ? debt service funds ? special revenue funds ? the Alaska permanent fund ? internal service funds ? agency funds Ms. Sorum-Birk indicated that the definition was adapted from the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) definition. The slide noted the items not included in the definition. Ms. Sorum-Birk highlighted Slide 14 titled Summary of principles from Hickel v Cowper used in defining "available for appropriation" .notdef Two main parameters: .notdef "must include all funds over which the legislature has retained power to appropriate" and .notdef "which are not available to pay expenditures without further legislative appropriation" .notdef For trust receipts the amount appropriated by the legislature IS the amount available for appropriation .notdef This category includes federal funds, funds given to the state for specific purposes by private entities AND appropriations from trust account .notdef Notably "amounts appropriated by the legislature out of other funds within executive agencies for the purpose of administering these funds, under explicit statutory authority may also be treated as a type of trust receipt" (revolving loan funds) .notdef Monies of public corporations are treated similarly to trust receipts .notdef Excludes illiquid assets, funds expendable without further legislative appropriation, or funds validly appropriated 2:07:10 PM Ms. Sorum-Birk reviewed Slide 16 titled goal in summary on slide 15. HB 57 aims to enact by law section Article IX, Section 17 (d) of the Alaska Constitution thereby providing legal clarity on the sweep provision. It does this by: .notdef defining 'available for appropriation' using an understanding of parameters set in Hickel v Cowper and thereby correcting the largely unconstitutional AS 37.10.420 (a)(1) .notdef defining 'general fund' in a way that reflects the actual mechanics of state finance and clarifying what fund types are excluded from the general fund .notdef formally addressing which funds within the general fund cannot be swept and why Ms. Sorum-Birk reminded the committee that resolving the issue was a constitutional obligation since 1994. She warned of the need for a unified understanding and codification of principles. She cautioned against leaving it up to a matter of administrative policy. Representative Josephson remarked that he had been involved in the uncodified language, which was unique when drafting the bill. He emphasized that courts want to consider what the intent of the law was, and inclusion of the uncodified language was a way to establish the intent to follow the guidance rendered from the Hickel v. Cowper decision. He mentioned that there were a number of accounts created by the legislature, but the court had specified that the Spill Prevention and Response Fund (SPAR) was not sweepable because of the unpredictable nature of a spill and the emergency response necessary to clean it up. He pointed out that a number of other funds were similar in that they were set up to be self-sustaining. The judgment suggested those type of funds was also not sweepable. He felt that the legislature had the advantage of using Hickel v. Cowper as a roadmap to create statute. He stressed that the bill should not move from committee at present but emphasized that it should in 2022 and was the obligation of the legislature. Vice-Chair Ortiz cited a document titled "Funds Subject to CBR Sweep--FY17-FY19," dated July 18, 2019, by the Legislative Finance Division (copy on file). He interpreted that only the funds marked by a green Y were sweepable under HB 57. Representative Josephson deferred to Ms. Sorum-Birk for the answer. Ms. Sorum-Birk replied that the document was created for the meetings in FY 19 and depicted the disagreement among the agencies regarding what items were sweepable or not. She noted that the funds in green had unanimous agreement that the funds were sweepable. She pointed to the three columns located in the center of the document reflecting each fiscal year and noted that they portrayed consistency in agreement over whether certain funds were sweepable or not. She cited notation in the far right column Not a fund based on review of IRIS for FY 19." She indicated that many items on the list were receipts and not funds. She clarified that the item had to be a fund to be included in the calculus as to whether something was sweepable. 2:13:48 PM Vice-Chair Ortiz asked if it was the intent of the chart was to communicate that there was a consensus that the items in green were sweepable. He asked if it was the intent to define funds that were sweepable. Ms. Sorum-Birk answered in the negative and added that the items had been added by the Legislative Finance Division. Co-Chair Merrick OPENED public testimony. MIKE COONS, SELF, PALMER (via teleconference), opposed the bill. He believed that the bill would violate the state constitution. He pointed to page 8, lines 5 through 7 and read "Funds established within the general fund that by law require no further appropriation before expenditure or are required to be held separately by law are not subject to art. IX, sec. 17(d), Constitution of the State of Alaska." He stated that it was not possible to create a statute to get around the constitution. He emphasized that like the CBR, the use of the so called sweep requires the same three quarter vote as does the CBR. He thought that the bill was an opportunity to clear up the issue to allow the legislature to spend more. He expressed outrage regarding an attack on the constitution. Co-Chair Merrick CLOSED public testimony. Co-Chair Merrick asked to hear a review of the fiscal note. CAROLINE SCHULTZ, POLICY ANALYST, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET, OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR, referenced the Statement of Zero Fiscal Impact by the Office of Management and Budget. She explained that implementation of the legislation would not require additional funding. HB 57 was HEARD and HELD in committee for further consideration. 2:18:08 PM AT EASE 2:19:37 PM RECONVENED