01/28/2013 01:30 PM Senate JUDICIARY
| Audio | Topic |
|---|---|
| Start | |
| SJR2 | |
| Overview: Department of Corrections | |
| Adjourn |
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
| + | TELECONFERENCED | ||
| *+ | SJR 2 | TELECONFERENCED | |
ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE
SENATE JUDICIARY STANDING COMMITTEE
January 28, 2013
1:37 p.m.
MEMBERS PRESENT
Senator John Coghill, Chair
Senator Lesil McGuire, Vice Chair
Senator Fred Dyson
Senator Bill Wielechowski
MEMBERS ABSENT
Senator Donald Olson
COMMITTEE CALENDAR
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 2
Commending and supporting actions taken by the Office of the
Governor, the attorney general, and the commissioner of natural
resources to protect the state from federal government incursion
into the care and management of state resources and to promote
the economic prosperity of the state; and urging the United
States Congress and the President of the United States to limit
federal government overreach into management of state resources.
- HEARD AND HELD
OVERVIEW: DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
- HEARD
PREVIOUS COMMITTEE ACTION
BILL: SJR 2
SHORT TITLE: LIMIT FEDERAL INTERVENTION IN STATE
SPONSOR(s): SENATOR(s) DYSON
01/16/13 (S) READ THE FIRST TIME - REFERRALS
01/16/13 (S) JUD
01/28/13 (S) JUD AT 1:30 PM BELTZ 105 (TSBldg)
WITNESS REGISTER
JOSEPH SCHMIDT, Commissioner
Department of Corrections (DOC)
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered an overview of the Department of
Corrections.
RONALD TAYLOR, Deputy Commissioner
Department of Corrections
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Participated in the overview of the
Department of Corrections.
ACTION NARRATIVE
1:37:23 PM
CHAIR JOHN COGHILL called the Senate Judiciary Standing
Committee meeting to order at 1:37 p.m. Present at the call to
order were Senators Dyson, Wielechowski, McGuire, and Chair
Coghill.
SJR 2-LIMIT FEDERAL INTERVENTION IN STATE
1:37:42 PM
CHAIR JOHN COGHILL announced the consideration of SJR 2, and
stated that he did not intend to move the resolution today.
1:38:43 PM
SENATOR FRED DYSON, Alaska State Legislature, sponsor of SJR 2,
introduced the resolution speaking to the following sponsor
statement:
The State of Alaska's future prosperity hinges on the
responsible development of its abundant natural
resources. Unfortunately, Alaska has entered a period
of extraordinary efforts by certain federal agencies
and environmental groups to lock up Alaska's
resources.
SJR 2 affirms the broad support of Alaskans and their
elected representatives for the strategy and efforts
of the Governor, attorney general and commissioner of
natural resources to protect Alaska's economic freedom
from federal government overreach in the management of
state resources; and urges Congress and the President
of the United States to restrain federal intervention
into state resource management that threatens our
security and prosperity.
SENATOR DYSON informed the committee of Commissioner Sullivan's
belief that expressions of the legislature can be of value when
an issue goes to court, because it demonstrates that the people
of Alaska support the decisions of the executive branch. He
relayed that during the statehood debate Congress recognized
that the best hope that Alaska had to support itself was to have
control over its natural resources. As a result, 100 million
acres were committed to Alaska at statehood. He noted that the
packets contained expressions of support from a consortium of
Alaska Native corporation executives.
1:43:15 PM
CHAIR COGHILL questioned whether the resolution might have
greater impact if it identified a particular congressional
committee in the "copies" section.
SENATOR MCGUIRE suggested adding the energy and lands committees
to the "copies" section, and incorporating a statement about
control over natural resources being a premise for granting
statehood.
SENATOR COGHILL recommended including a "resolve" that
highlighted the times that the state had supported the federal
government.
1:47:15 PM
SENATOR DYSON opined that it would add credibility to the
state's efforts. He offered to prepare a committee substitute or
switch to a committee resolution.
CHAIR COGHILL said he didn't have a preference and didn't mind
acknowledging the sometimes cooperative and helpful relationship
between the state and federal government. He opined that a focus
of the 28th Legislature would probably be how to work in the
federal system.
[SJR 2 was held in committee.]
^OVERVIEW: DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
OVERVIEW: DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
1:48:32 PM
CHAIR COGHILL announced the next order of business would be an
overview by the Department of Corrections (DOC). He expressed
particular interest in the issues of prisoner reentry and
recidivism.
JOSEPH SCHMIDT, Commissioner, Department of Corrections (DOC),
introduced himself and staff members Ron Taylor, Leslie Houston,
Kevin Worley, and Mike Matthews. He stated that DOC had made
many systemic changes in the past five years and it was time to
evaluate those changes.
1:51:56 PM
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT relayed that when he first became
commissioner, he reviewed the January 2007 "Criminal Recidivism
in Alaska" study by the Alaska Judicial Council and it became
DOC's roadmap. When he learned that 95 percent of prisoners are
released in their lifetime, he understood the importance of
reducing recidivism. He emphasized that preventing the next
crime is one of the most important things that DOC can do.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT said that one of the changes that DOC made
was to upgrade the in-custody classification system that
consists of minimum, medium, close, and maximum custody
offenders. Before the upgrade, the close custody population was
oversized and the medium custody population was undersized.
After the upgrade, the medium custody population became larger
and the close custody population became smaller. He noted that
medium offenders are still in secure facilities.
1:53:21 PM
SENATOR DYSON asked for an explanation of the differences
between the categories.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT responded that a minimum custody offender
may be approaching release and his or her behavior is such that
halfway house placement, furlough, or electronic monitoring are
possibilities. He then explained that the new system is based on
behavior and time while factoring in the crime. The emphasis is
how the prisoner is doing with regard to programing, changing,
and trying. For example, a first time DWI who is very
problematic could have a higher custody score than someone
convicted of murderer who is behaving.
SENATOR DYSON asked the difference between medium custody and
close custody.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT said he couldn't give a specific answer
because the scoring matrix changes with the offender. Generally,
a prisoner whose behavior is more dangerous will score towards
close or maximum custody. He noted that there were between 60
and 70 maximum custody offenders in the state. Responding to a
further question, he confirmed that the classification considers
danger to other prisoners and officers.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT reviewed DOC 2012 statewide statistics.
Twenty-two thousand individuals were booked for 40,340 crimes.
About 2,000 were Title 47, an inebriate on the street who may
freeze to death.
1:56:08 PM
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI asked which communities put people in jail
for being drunk on the street or homeless.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT clarified that Title 47 is not a criminal
charge, and that individuals were picked up in Anchorage,
Fairbanks, and Bethel in equal numbers.
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI asked if the individuals are treated like
prisoners.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT replied there is a maximum 12-hour hold but
the individual may be released sooner if he or she sobers up or
someone picks them up.
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI asked if the individuals have their
fingerprints and picture taken, like prisoners.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT said there is a booking process and
everybody has their picture taken, but he wasn't sure about
fingerprints. He reiterated that it is not a criminal
commitment.
Continuing the data summary, he reported that just under 6,000
offenders were in prisons, halfway houses, or on electronic
monitoring, and just more than 6,000 offenders were out on
probation or parole. He highlighted that the initial recidivism
numbers are encouraging for the individuals that go through a
substance abuse program. The overall recidivism rate without a
program plan is 66 percent. The recidivism rate for the group of
about 800 individuals that went through a substance abuse
program was down 14 percent from the overall rate.
1:58:56 PM
RONALD TAYLOR, Deputy Commissioner, Department of Corrections
(DOC), confirmed the commissioner's statement that the 2007
Alaska Judicial Council recidivism study was the impetus for
change within DOC. He said the study indicated that 48 percent
of individuals returned to prison due to new crimes or technical
violations within one year of release. DOC is looking at
programs to push that number farther out so that fewer
individuals are returning to the system in that period.
MR. TAYLOR reviewed increasing costs.
· The DOC operating budget has increased from about $167
million in 2005 to more than $323 million in 2013.
· The cost to construct the Goose Creek Correctional Center
was about $250, and the annual operating costs will be
about $51 million.
· The cost to incarcerate an inmate in 2005 was $110 per day,
whereas the cost in 2013 is $147 per day.
· Medical care costs in Anchorage have increased 56.2 percent
in the past decade, whereas the national average has
increased just 29.8 percent. (Alaska Economic Trends, July
2012)
2:01:00 PM
SENATOR DYSON asked if the increases in incarceration rates
track the increases in population in the state.
MR. TAYLOR offered to follow up with the information.
SENATOR DYSON asked the degree to which personnel costs
increased between 2005 and 2013.
MR. TAYLOR offered to follow up with the information.
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI noted that the recidivism data was from
2007, and asked if updated numbers were available.
MR. TAYLOR answered that this was the most recent data
available.
CHAIR COGHILL asked to be kept apprised of new methodologies.
SENATOR DYSON asked if Medicare and Medicaid funds were
available to the prison population.
MR. TAYLOR replied that was something DOC was working on.
SENATOR DYSON asked if federal law prohibited inmates from
qualifying and asked the record to reflect that the commissioner
shook his head.
2:03:37 PM
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI noted the current debate about whether
Alaska should accept the Medicaid expansion, and expressed
interest in knowing if that would affect corrections costs.
MR. TAYLOR offered to provide the information.
CHAIR COGHILL instructed Mr. Taylor to send the information
through his office.
MR. TAYLOR reviewed the institutional inmate populations from
2003-2012 and projected to 2020. In 2003 the inmate population
was 3,789 and in 2012 it was 4,851, a growth rate of slightly
less than 3 percent per year. Based on that growth rate and the
number of beds available in 2013, a new prison will be needed by
2016. He said that DOC is looking at programing that could help
bend the curve and push that out farther.
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI asked what the plan is in 2013 to address
the looming, significant bed shortage.
MR. TAYLOR responded that there isn't a shortage in 2013 and by
the first quarter of the next fiscal year most of the Alaska
inmates housed in Colorado will have been returned to the state.
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI asked what the plan is for 3-5 years from
now, because it takes time to build a new prison.
MR. TAYLOR answered that the programming and resources that DOC
is putting into effect intend to push the projected bed shortage
out further than 2016. He added that the growth rate is
beginning to slow down.
CHAIR COGHILL summarized that the expectation is that the
programmatic approach will bend the curve.
MR. TAYLOR reviewed probation violation statistics. He said the
jail admissions for probation violations increased from 1,641 in
2002 to 2,755 in 2010. During the same time, probation caseloads
increased over 20 percent. In 2011, more than 50 percent of the
6,000 probationers had a Petition to Revoke Probation (PTRP)
filed in their case. Because [68 percent] were for technical
violations, DOC will focus on ways to do a better job of dealing
with these violations moving forward.
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI asked for a definition and examples of
technical violations.
MR. TAYLOR explained that a technical violation occurs when
someone violates a requirement of probation. Examples include
missing a required appointment with a probation or parole office
or failure to comply with required substance abuse testing.
CHAIR COGHILL asked if DOC was looking at a different type of
accountability than returning the violator to jail.
MR. TAYLOR said yes, and he would expand on that later in the
presentation. He continued to inform the committee that 42
percent of inmates were incarcerated for non-violent crimes in
2002 and that increased to 62 percent in 2012. This is
consistent with national trends, but Alaska's increase is more
profound.
SENATOR DYSON asked if many of the non-violent crimes involved
substance abuse.
MR. TAYLOR answered yes, and more involved drugs than alcohol.
SENATOR DYSON asked if that included assault such as hitting
someone while driving drunk.
MR. TAYLOR clarified that an assault charge is not non-violent.
Continuing the presentation, he reviewed drug and alcohol
statistics. In 2002, 15.39 percent of offenders in Alaska were
incarcerated for drug or alcohol offenses. By 2011,
incarcerations for those offenses increased to 19.08 percent.
[Other categories of offenses were parole/probation, person,
property, public order, sex offense, transportation, and
weapons.]
SENATOR DYSON asked for the definition of a transportation
offense.
MR. TAYLOR offered to follow up with the definition. Continuing
the presentation, he displayed 2002 and 2012 statistics for
length of stay from admission and highlighted that all offenders
are staying in custody longer. In 2002, 6.94 percent of
offenders were in custody for 37 months or more and that
increased to 18.41 percent in 2012.
CHAIR COGHILL asked if the statistics were for both violent and
non-violent offenders.
MR. TAYLOR clarified that it was for all persons in custody.
SENATOR COGHILL asked if the expectation was that most of those
in custody for 37 months or more were non-violent offenders.
MR. TAYLOR offered to follow up with the information.
MR. TAYLOR said DOC has been following the three principles of
effective correctional intervention for several years.
· Risk Principle - Devote time, energy, and resources to
moderate and high-risk cases.
· Need Principle - Identify and target the criminogenic needs
of moderate and high-risk offenders. These are the dynamic
risk factors that, when changed, will change the
probability of recidivism.
· Responsivity Principle - Design program efforts around
behavioral and cognitive-behavioral techniques. Tailor the
efforts to the individual abilities, strengths, style,
culture, and personality of the client.
MR. TAYLOR said the focus is on behavior change, collaborative
efforts to reduce recidivism, and the use of proven methods.
Outcomes are measured rather than inputs and the focus is on
offender success and improved public safety, not offender
failure.
MR. TAYLOR reviewed risk assessment.
· DOC has updated its classification policies to emphasize
behavioral incentives that encourage compliance with
programming and other expectations.
· The Offender Reentry Policy has an Offender Management Plan
(OMP) that provides a roadmap for the prisoner to
determine the best programs and the means of measuring
readiness for reentry into the community.
· The Division of Probation & Parole has received technical
assistance from the National Institute of Corrections
(NIC) to improve the system and modify the current risk
assessment protocols.
2:16:11 PM
CHAIR COGHILL suggested DOC keep legislators apprised of
programmatic needs in a community.
MR. TAYLOR reminded the members that when DOC changed its in-
custody classification system, it was more in line with national
trends. He highlighted that 44 percent of inmates are minimum
custody, which includes electronic monitoring and halfway house
beds; 35 percent are medium custody; and 16 percent are
close/maximum custody, which is close to the national average.
MR. TAYLOR reviewed the probation/parole risk levels. He
explained that DOC reviewed the Level of Service Inventory-
Revised (LSI-R) scores from the past year, and based on the best
practices model found that about 60 percent of individuals were
over supervised. According to the model, the bulk of
probationers and parolees should fall in the low/moderate to
moderate categories. They should have received services while in
custody or have their needs targeted for substance abuse or
other programming when they are out of custody.
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI referenced the high levels of probation
violations, technical violations in particular, and asked what
DOC was doing specifically to address that.
MR. TAYLOR said the assessment process has shown that it will
require more than just the probation and parole office to
address the issue. Efforts to date have been to reach out to the
Parole Board and court to look at how to narrow the number of
conditions to supervise a person effectively while tying that to
the criminogenic needs of the individual on supervision. DOC has
also had preliminary discussions with the court and Parole Board
about acceptable alternatives to sending a violator back to
jail. He concluded that, "You've hit on one of our big areas
that we're going to have to redesign here in the future."
2:22:55 PM
SENATOR DYSON asked if DOC has the authority to exclude certain
areas for someone on probation or parole and require them to
wear a tracking device to monitor compliance.
MR. TAYLOR replied the department does not have that authority
unless the Parole Board or the court ordered it as part of a
violation. He added that, depending on the type of case, DOC
could allow a person serving an initial sentence the opportunity
to serve part of their time on electronic monitoring.
SENATOR DYSON expressed interest in hearing a debate on the
personal liberties versus DOC's efforts to look at less
expensive, transitional alternatives.
MR. TAYLOR said DOC's approach is to help individuals achieve
success as they move through the system and transition into the
community and family support system.
SENATOR DYSON offered legislative help if statutory or court
rule changes were necessary.
SENATOR MCGUIRE stated that she had given thought to introducing
legislation similar to federal law to prohibit a felon from
associating with any other felon for at least a year after
release from custody. She also described the electronic
monitoring that Alaska Pretrial Services offers and encouraged
DOC to use that sort of innovative technology as much as
possible.
MR. TAYLOR said individuals on probation and parole are already
prohibited from associating with other felons. With regard to
the second point, he said Alaska Pretrial Services offers active
GPS monitoring and DOC has opted to use a passive GPS system due
to staffing and cost issues.
SENATOR DYSON asked the difference between active versus passive
GPS tracking and the cost differential.
2:29:14 PM
MR. TAYLOR explained that active monitoring provides real-time
tracking and response capability 24/7. With passive monitoring
the tracking information is automatically downloaded to the
service provider through a phone modem in the individual's
house. DOC is able to access the information the next day and
respond accordingly. He offered his understanding that the
service provider was located in Colorado.
CHAIR COGHILL said the committee would delve into that further,
because it was his understanding that the offender pays most of
the cost of active monitoring. He reiterated the importance of
letting legislators know what action items are most important in
the next budget cycle.
2:31:14 PM
MR. TAYLOR listed the criminogenic factors that DOC is reviewing
as part of an individual's program design that addresses needs
and lessens the likelihood of their returning to the system.
These include anti-social values, anti-social companions, anti-
social personality or temperament, and family and/or marital
issues.
SENATOR DYSON asked if DOC was able to analyze individuals for
mental health issues. He specifically mentioned autism and fetal
alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).
MR. TAYLOR reported that DOC has a separate behavioral unit to
address needs of individuals in custody.
SENATOR DYSON asked if individuals with FASD receive specialized
treatment or housing.
MR. TAYLOR offered to follow up.
SENATOR DYSON said, "Don't spend any effort on it; we can come
back to it next year."
SENATOR MCGUIRE asked for follow-up information about treatments
for traumatic brain injury. She expressed excitement about the
shift in resources and hope that the behavioral unit would use
things like Topamax, Wellbutrin, and antidepressants to treat
addictions, because they change the molecular structure in the
brain. That discussion needs to continue because, "Some of it is
about changing behavior, but some of it truly is chemical and
the way that people are wired genetically," she stated.
MR. TAYLOR said DOC's expanded rehabilitative programing
includes those for substance abuse, education, and those that
are faith-based. He confirmed the commissioner's earlier
statement that the recidivism rate was reduced 14 percent for
the pilot group that completed a substance abuse program. He
highlighted the expanded capacities for the LSSAT outpatient
program, the RSAT residential program, and the aftercare
services. He said DOC has served individuals in adult basic
education and vocational education programs. He offered to
provide a list of vocational education programing provided in
each institution. National data shows that vocational education
programing reduces recidivism by 8.3 percent.
2:36:22 PM
CHAIR COGHILL discussed employment barriers and questioned how
many participants in the vocational programs were felons and how
many were misdemeanants.
MR. TAYLOR said he didn't have those specifics, but there are
492 different barriers associated with persons in custody with
felony or misdemeanor convictions.
CHAIR COGHILL suggested he think about it because the
legislature could be more helpful if it understood more.
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI encouraged Mr. Taylor to track data about
program successes as closely as possible, because policy makers
find it very useful.
2:38:23 PM
SENATOR DYSON commented on the difficulty of providing job
training to prisoners that move frequently due to bed shortages.
He expressed hope that Goose Creek would help solve this
problem.
MR. TAYLOR reviewed the Probationer Accountability with Certain
Enforcement (PACE) program. He explained that this pilot program
started in Anchorage in July 2010 with 70 high-risk felony
probationers. A preliminary evaluation by the Alaska Judicial
Council showed that 66 percent of probationers were free of any
positive drug tests during their first three months in the
program. Prior to enrolling in PACE only 20 percent of those
probationers were free of a positive drug test. The program has
expanded to the Palmer area, and a misdemeanor domestic violence
PACE program is operating in Fairbanks.
CHAIR COGHILL asked if DOC was satisfied with the timing between
notice of an infraction and subsequent action.
MR. TAYLOR said yes. DOC has an excellent partnership with the
Anchorage Police Department and the PACE committee meets on a
regular basis to sort out those issues.
CHAIR COGHILL asked if probationers were assigned to the program
or entered voluntarily.
MR. TAYLOR replied they're assigned.
He reviewed the Prisoner Reentry Task Force. He explained that
the purpose of the task force is to reduce the recidivism rate
in Alaska and improve public safety and the overall health of
Alaskan communities. The three formal work groups include the
misdemeanor work group, the substance abuse work group, and the
employment work group. The misdemeanor work group addresses the
high recidivism rates for misdemeanors and the difficulties
associated with providing programming for short-term prisoners.
The substance abuse work group has been instrumental in
identifying gaps in substance abuse services and aftercare. The
employment work group has collaborated with the Department of
Labor and Workforce Development (DOLWD) on apprenticeship
programs and ways to reduce or eliminate employment barriers for
individuals released from custody.
The task force has also established regional reentry coalitions
in Anchorage, Kenai, Mat-Su Valley, Dillingham, and Juneau to
look at the problems in the individual communities including
access to housing, employment, and resources such as substance
abuse programing. He noted that he attended a reentry fair in
Anchorage and recognized that DOC has to do a better job of
providing communities peer support and family support for
probationers, parolees and those being released from custody.
2:44:52 PM
SENATOR DYSON expressed appreciation for what the department has
done working with faith-based organizations.
CHAIR COGHILL advised that the committee would look at some of
the reentry barriers going forward.
SENATOR DYSON asked the difference in cost between active and
passive monitoring.
MR. TAYLOR said he would follow up with the information, but
active monitoring is obviously more expensive.
SENATOR DYSON said he was sensitive to the cost benefit ratio,
but didn't like the idea of DOC having less than the very best
if there is a significant difference in effectiveness.
CHAIR COGHILL expressed interest in receiving the information,
and asked Commissioner Schmidt if he had closing comments.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT thanked the committee for the opportunity
to talk publicly about the direction DOC is going.
2:49:29 PM
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI expressed interest in receiving a breakdown
on drug offenses, specifically the type of drug and category of
offense.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT said he would be happy to return for
another hearing that has a more specific focus and to discuss
what data can and cannot be captured.
CHAIR COGHILL commented on the balance between reducing
recidivism and protecting public safety, and observed that the
universe of programs available to DOC is somewhat a mystery.
SENATOR DYSON spoke to the success of the PACE program and smart
sentencing and how they can affect prison populations and the
potential need for a new prison in 7-8 years. He enumerated some
of the problems of the criminal justice system. Prescriptive
sentencing has incarcerated more people for longer than
appropriate, some crimes are felonies that shouldn't be, and
felons have no recourse to remove a felony conviction from their
record.
SENATOR MCGUIRE emphasized the importance of rehabilitation
because most prisoners will someday be released back into the
community. She also congratulated Commissioner Schmidt on one of
the most meaningful moves forward she'd ever seen from the
Department of Corrections.
CHAIR COGHILL stated that while he was supportive of
rehabilitative efforts, he was also sympathetic to those who
have been offended and aware that victims often do not have the
opportunity for the many resources that will be put into those
who have offended
2:56:15 PM
There being no further business to come before the committee,
Chair Coghill adjourned the Senate Judiciary Standing Committee
meeting at 2:56 p.m.
| Document Name | Date/Time | Subjects |
|---|---|---|
| 1 - SJR 2 Binder Title Page.pdf |
SJUD 1/28/2013 1:30:00 PM |
SJR 2 |
| 2 - SJR 2 Request for Hearing.pdf |
SJUD 1/28/2013 1:30:00 PM |
SJR 2 |
| 3 - SJR 2 Sponsor Statement.pdf |
SJUD 1/28/2013 1:30:00 PM SJUD 2/1/2013 1:30:00 PM |
SJR 2 |
| 4 - SJR002A.pdf |
SJUD 1/28/2013 1:30:00 PM SJUD 2/1/2013 1:30:00 PM |
SJR 2 |
| 5 - AK Native Corporation's Resource Development.pdf |
SJUD 1/28/2013 1:30:00 PM SJUD 2/1/2013 1:30:00 PM |
SJR 2 |
| FINAL Senate Judiciary Prisoner Re-Entry Recidivism Presentation 1-28-13(2).pdf |
SJUD 1/28/2013 1:30:00 PM |
Prisoner Reentry & Recidivism - Department of Corrections Overview |