Legislature(2011 - 2012)BUTROVICH 205
01/25/2012 08:30 AM Senate JUDICIARY
| Audio | Topic |
|---|---|
| Start | |
| Crime Summit | |
| Adjourn |
* first hearing in first committee of referral
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE
SENATE JUDICIARY STANDING COMMITTEE
January 25, 2012
8:37 a.m.
MEMBERS PRESENT
Senator Hollis French, Chair
Senator Bill Wielechowski, Vice Chair
Senator Joe Paskvan
Senator Lesil McGuire
Senator John Coghill
MEMBERS ABSENT
All members present
OTHER LEGISLATORS PRESENT
Senator Gary Stevens
Senator Johnny Ellis
Senator Fred Dyson
Representative Pete Petersen
COMMITTEE CALENDAR
CRIME SUMMIT
- HEARD
PREVIOUS COMMITTEE ACTION
No previous action to record
WITNESS REGISTER
ERIN PATTERSON-SEXSON, Lead Advocate
Direct Services Coordinator
Standing Together Against Rape
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
NANCY MEADE, General Counsel
Alaska Court System
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
DIANE SCHENKER, Project Coordinator
Fairbanks Electronic Bail Conditions Project
Alaska Court System
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
HELEN SHARRATT, Integrated Justice Coordinator
Alaska Court System and
Coordinator for MAJIC
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
QUINLAN STEINER, Director
Public Defender Agency
Department of Administration
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
RICHARD ALLEN, Director
Office of Public Advocacy
Department of Administration
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
WALT MONEGAN, President and CEO
Alaska Native Justice Center
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
JAKE METCALFE, Executive Director
Public Safety Employee Association
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
TERRENCE SHANIGAN, Trooper
Alaska State Troopers
Department of Public Safety
Talkeetna, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
JOE SCHMIDT, Commissioner
Department of Corrections
Anchorage, AK,
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
SAM EDWARDS, Deputy Commissioner
Operations
Department of Corrections
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
CARMEN GUTIERREZ, Deputy Commissioner
Prisoner Rehabilitation and Reentry
Department of Corrections
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
ANDRÉ B. ROSAY, Ph.D., Director
UAA Justice Center
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
LAUREE MORTON, Executive Director
Council on Domestic Violence & Sexual Assault
Department of Public Safety
Juneau, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
JEFF JESSE, CEO
Alaska Mental Health Trust Authority
Department of Revenue
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
JANET MCCABE, Chair
Partners for Progress
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
BARB HENJUM, Director
Division of Juvenile Justice
Health and Social Services
Anchorage, AK,
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
DEAN WILLIAMS, Superintendent
McLaughlin Youth Center
Division of Juvenile Justice
Department of Health and Social Services,
POSITION STATEMENT: Delivered a presentation to the Crime
Summit.
ACTION NARRATIVE
8:37:51 AM
CHAIR HOLLIS FRENCH called the Senate Judiciary Standing
Committee meeting to order at 8:37 a.m. Present at the call to
order were Senators Coghill, McGuire, Wielechowski, and Chair
French.
^Crime Summit
Crime Summit
8:38:34 AM
CHAIR FRENCH convened the second day of the crime summit and
thanked his staff, Cindy Smith and Kirstin Peterson, for the
outstanding work that had contributed to the success of the
summit. He introduced the first presenter, Erin Patterson-
Sexson.
8:38:48 AM
ERIN PATTERSON-SEXSON, Lead Advocate Direct Services Coordinator
Standing Together Against Rape (STAR) provided the following
statistics. STAR has been around for over 30 years, serving men,
women, and children from a wide range of backgrounds and
ethnicities who are affected by various forms of sexual
violence. In FY11 STAR served 1,143 clients. Of those, 900 were
hospital responses, sexual assault response team (SART)
callouts, and child advocacy center (CAC) callouts. About one-
third of the 900 were adults and, of those, 13 were anonymous
victim reports.
MS. PATTERSON-SEXON reported that Alaska rape rates are 2.5
times the national average. Five percent of STAR's clients are
under 6 years old; 38 percent are between the ages of 6-18; 51
percent are 19-59; 6 percent are 60 and older; 16 percent are
male.
CHAIR FRENCH asked the degree to which STAR is found statewide.
MS. PATTERSON-SEXSON replied STAR is primarily for the
Municipality of Anchorage, but also serves victims from the
surrounding areas and those flying in from rural locations. Both
SART and CAC provide services to rural clients.
8:41:28 AM
SENATOR PASKVAN joined the committee.
MS. PATTERSON-SEXSON shared STAR statistics regarding who
commits assaults. She said that 39 percent are acquaintances, 31
percent are family members, 16 percent are strangers, and 14
percent are intimate partners. Living in Alaska increases the
risk for assault against women. Half of the women in Alaska have
been hurt by some form of interpersonal violence. The outcome of
violence manifests in many ways: homelessness, a feeling of
worthlessness, isolation, risky behavior, depression, substance
abuse, unemployment, fear, anxiety, promiscuity, and suicide.
The victims are often marginalized and doubted.
MS. PATTERSON-SEXON reported that offenders look for
vulnerability, a person with a marginalized lifestyle, and an
opportunity to assault. Offenders seek out traumatized persons
because they are less like to fight, to report, or to be
believed. She shared stories of two women, Mary and Annie.
8:49:59 AM
CHAIR FRENCH thanked her for highlighting the issue of
homelessness and how it relates to becoming a victim or to
committing a crime.
MS. PATTERSON-SEXSON replied that survival mechanisms are not
always healthy and appropriate. Victims often commit crimes
which puts more distance between them and law enforcement, so
that if they are hurt again, they are more reluctant to report
it.
MS. PATTERSON-SEXON said that many victim survivors who have no
money and no power are at the highest risk for revictimization.
The dilemma is that many offenders have numerous victims before
a crime is reported, investigated, prosecuted, or sentenced.
Untreated sex offenders are released, often ending up at
homeless shelters or camps and the cycle continues.
MS. PATTERSON-SEXON stressed that victims need a safe, reliable,
respectful place to go for services. They need less blame and
more support, as well as educated communities and juries. They
need to be believed, seen and heard and have real, sustainable
options such as housing, child care, treatment, education, and
employment.
8:52:35 AM
MS. PATTERSON-SEXON reported the trends are toward increased
violent and lethal assaults, and more homeless women being
attacked. There are complex issues in cases such as immigration
and custody concerns. The Internet is being used to draw in
victims. Revictimization is occurring. On a positive note, in
Anchorage there have been increased prosecutions, greater public
awareness, and heightened government leadership. An exceptional
Special Victims Unit has been developed and a dynamic SART team
is in place.
8:53:39 AM
MS. PATTERSON-SEXON concluded that STAR continues to need help.
She urged all legislators to work with local agencies to learn
what can be done to stop the cycle of sexual assault and support
education and awareness.
CHAIR FRENCH said he appreciated the presentation. He predicted
that someday Alaska would not have the worst national average.
8:55:09 AM
SENATOR MCGUIRE asked for feedback on the factors that
contribute to the lack of housing issue, which has come up as an
undercurrent the last several years. The Senate Finance
Committee recently discussed the possibility of re-establishing
the Commission on Women. Roughly 26.9 percent of women in Alaska
live in poverty, have children, and are the head of the
household. Part of the problem is disparity in pay. Women make
roughly 66 percent of what men make for equivalent work. She
said she wanted to explore investing in preschool and low-cost
housing in order to offset the domestic violence rate.
MS. PATTERSON-SEXSON agreed that housing for women is a daily
challenge. It's easy to judge these women, but the options are
limited.
8:58:04 AM
SENATOR COGHILL agreed with Chair French that someday things
will be better. He pointed out that today in his district there
are limited places to go. There is a women's resource center in
Fairbanks. He asked whether STAR had a working relationship with
the woman's resource center in Fairbanks.
MS. PATTERSON-SEXSON replied STAR and the Fairbanks agency are
both members of the Alaska Network on Domestic Violence and
Sexual Assault and receive similar training and share ideas.
SENATOR COGHILL said he appreciates the housing discussion. A
problem with developing a shelter for the homeless is that it
doesn't become a place people go to look for victims.
9:00:19 AM
CHAIR FRENCH thanked Ms. Patterson-Sexson and introduced Nancy
Meade.
NANCY MEADE, General Counsel, Alaska Court System, stated that
unlike some of the other agencies that have spoken, most of the
court's issues are not strictly civil or criminal or rural or
urban. There are courts in 43 locations around the state and the
challenges are intertwined. For example, a Fairbanks judge is
often called upon to travel to Bethel. Anchorage is the only
exception where there are five judges that only handle criminal
cases in the superior court. In most locations, an increase in
civil cases will impact criminal cases. The court is reactive;
it doesn't control cases coming in. It views itself as a partner
within the overall Criminal Justice System. New programs at
other agencies affect the court, and all agencies view the
challenges as joint challenges.
9:03:24 AM
MS. MEADE explained court filings by showing pie charts for
FY11. About half of all superior court and district court case
filings combined are minor offenses, about a quarter are
criminal, and about a quarter are civil. About 29 percent of
superior court filings are felonies. In addition to 6,450 new
felony case filings, superior courts handled 4,500 felony
petitions to revoke probation (PTRPs). The PTRPs do not count as
new cases, but greatly impact the system because they are time
consuming. Of district court filings, misdemeanors make up 23
percent and minor offenses make up 58 percent.
MS. MEADE explained criminal case statistics. In 72 percent of
felony cases the defendant entered a guilty plea. In about 23
percent of the cases, charges are dismissed by the prosecutor
before trail. The trial rate is less than 5 percent and 2
percent are found guilty of all charges after trial.
CHAIR FRENCH asked for clarification.
MS. MEADE clarified that 2 percent of all those who are brought
to trial are found guilty. A small percent are acquitted before
trial.
CHAIR FRENCH said it seemed like a very high number. Of the
felony charges filed, nearly a quarter are dismissed between the
time of arraignment and before trial.
MS. MEADE agreed, adding that a small percent of those against
whom a case is filed are dismissed before arraignment. Before
trial, almost a quarter were dismissed.
CHAIR FRENCH stated that in FY11, of 6,450 cases filed as
felonies, over 1,000 would be dismissed.
MS. MEADE agreed.
CHAIR FRENCH asked how long it takes between filing and when the
case goes to trial.
MS. MEADE said she'd follow up with the number. Continuing, she
addressed the issue of the delay in felony cases. Three years
ago the Anchorage court tried to find a solution to the problem.
The result was the Phoenix Project. The court found there is too
much delay in transferring documents and the solution was to
enhance delivery of documents. Attorneys are now better informed
of timelines, which has led to some improvements. The court is
looking at implementing the same solution in the Bethel court.
MS. MEADE highlighted a successful pilot program in Juneau, the
electronic discovery exchange, whereby prosecutors and defense
attorneys use a secure web portal to exchange documents.
9:14:15 AM
CHAIR FRENCH asked what role the court system played in the
Juneau project.
MS. MEADE replied that the court helped to organize the program
and the chief justice has been involved.
CHAIR FRENCH asked how long it had been in existence.
MS. MEADE said it was scheduled to go live in February.
SENATOR PASKVAN asked if some of the dismissals are as a result
of a violation of Rule 45, the right to a speedy trial.
MS. MEADE replied she believes it's rare that cases are
dismissed for that reason. Most are dismissed because the
prosecutor believes the case shouldn't go forward. She offered
to provide dismissal numbers.
9:16:16 AM
MS. MEADE discussed trends in the courts. The most notable is
the growth in probate cases, which have grown about 25 percent
statewide and 54 percent in Anchorage in the last two years.
Probate cases include wills, trusts, and protective proceedings
such as guardianships and commitments. Within probate cases,
mental commitments have grown the most. New procedures to deal
with processing cases have rolled out recently.
MS. MEADE addressed a second, non-criminal trend; a sharp
increase in the number of motions filed compared to the number
of cases.
9:18:49 AM
MS. MEADE highlighted another success; the case management
system called Court View which is now being used in all courts
state. All case files are now standardized with data available
statewide. She noted it was a big accomplishment.
CHAIR FRENCH called Court View a fantastic service and voiced
his appreciation for it.
MS. MEADE said it makes case information available to attorneys
and the public. Court calendars are now on the web. Court View
creates reports and transmits them electronically and
automatically to other agencies to make cases move more quickly.
One limitation is that the software is about 10 years old. The
court system is looking to update or replace the software in
order to improve electronic filing data entry.
MS. MEADE said another success is the court's role in helping to
improve the quality of information in the Alaska Public Safety
Information Network (APSIN), the state's repository for criminal
background information. To ensure accuracy, court rules were
changed to require case number continuity. The APSIN records are
still not ideal. Sometimes a judge needs a report quickly and
that is sometimes difficult. The system could use updating. For
example, the electronic filing of citations is limited.
9:23:14 AM
MS. MEADE reported that Therapeutic Courts have been proven to
reduce recidivism among graduates because they help to address
the underlying cause of criminal behavior. To improve the system
a subcommittee of the Criminal Justice Working Group is working
to standardize the statewide structure.
MS. MEADE spoke of ongoing challenges. The court would like to
expand use of video for more criminal hearings.
CHAIR FRENCH pointed out that Anchorage has been leading that
effort. He asked if other courts are using video for hearings.
MS. MEADE said she understands it is not used extensively in
Anchorage, but it is working in Palmer and Fairbanks and will
soon be in Kenai. In Kotzebue, whose court is scheduled to
close, there is a video link from Anvil Mountain Correctional
Center to the Kotzebue Courthouse. There is a problem with the
high cost of bandwidth in rural Alaska. Also, some areas don't
have the necessary satellites available. The court is working to
overcome these challenges.
SENATOR FRENCH agreed that rural Alaska has interesting
challenges. He said clear communication is very important in
court proceedings.
MS. MEADE stressed that video links needs to be a priority to
all agencies, not just the court.
CHAIR FRENCH asked if there was a line item in the budget
request for this program.
MS. MEADE replied the court system is working with its
information technology (IT) personnel to determine what the
costs might be.
9:28:19 AM
MS. MEADE said that another challenge to the court system is the
very high workload in the Bethel court and the high caseload in
the Palmer court. Urban courts currently seem to be adequately
staffed. The court system is looking at what additional judicial
resources might be needed.
9:29:12 AM
SENATOR COGHILL asked how a stressed court is affected by a
request a different judge.
MS. MEADE said that a "pre-emptory challenge" or a "bump" is a
stress for the Bethel court. If somebody bumps a judge in
Anchorage, the impact is small, but in an outlying area it has a
ripple effect. The rural district would have to spend a lot of
money to have a judge travel there, but it is also stressful for
court administrators in Fairbanks to handle reassignments. It is
a statutory right, but has a big impact on the court's
operations and budget.
SENATOR COGHILL noted that the Fairbanks court takes care of the
Bethel court overload, and asked if there's something the
Legislature needs to do or be aware of.
MS. MEADE reported that this year's budget contains no request
for more judges in Fairbanks. She said it was a strain to pay
for judges to travel, but she did not know if another judge
would be requested in the future. She said she thought one might
be needed sooner in Bethel.
MS. MEADE noted that Palmer is growing fast and that its court
caseload is also growing. A new judge position may be funded for
that area next year.
MS. MEADE addressed another challenge, the high turnover of
staff. The court system has requested money from the "No Dark
Courtroom" account, which is money used for long-range planning
effort to address staff shortages. There is a need for more
staff so there is more than one clerk per judge in order to make
courtroom use more efficient.
MS. MEADE discussed courthouse upgrades and security. The court
system must protect staff and the public and has asked for
facility upgrades in order to make criminal case transports more
secure. There is a need for separate elevators so the public
does not have to share space with a defendant and more
courtrooms that are equipped for criminal cases. The court
system is seeking an update of the Palmer courthouse for
security reasons.
9:34:49 AM
DIANE SCHENKER, Project Coordinator, Fairbanks Electronic Bail
Conditions Project, Alaska Court System, Anchorage, Alaska,
explained the Electronic Bail Project, a pilot in the Fairbanks
court. The purpose of the project is to make bail conditions
available in electronic form from the source, the minute
conditions are created in court, so that law enforcement
officers can have on-line access to those conditions, enforce
them, and make them available to the public. The project is a
pilot in order to determine if it is feasible. The challenge is
to use technology to make it as easy as possible without slowing
the courtroom down.
MS. SCHENKER described the process used to implement the
Electronic Bail Conditions Project. The Court System first went
over the requirement and then met with law enforcement agencies
in the Fairbanks area. Next, the judges tested the equipment and
gave feedback, and now the project is on its second version.
CHAIR FRENCH said bail conditions used to be a cumbersome two-
step process. He asked how it is done now.
MS. SCHENKER explained that while the judge is setting bail, the
information is electronically interfaced with Court View and
custom bail conditions are entered by the court clerk. When the
electronic form is finished, it is emailed to jails and other
agencies. Then, it goes into a repository so different versions
of the bail order are available depending on who asks.
MS. SCHENKER contrasted the current method of bail processing
with the new electronic method. When this project is done any
officer will know when a person has bail conditions because it
will show on the APSIN screen. She gave an example.
MS. SCHENKER mentioned that the court system learned a lot from
the Anchorage project. The arrests for violating bail conditions
increased by 500 percent.
CHAIR FRENCH commented that the project is so necessary, but so
difficult technically.
MS. SCHENKER thanked the Legislature for supporting the project.
9:41:37 AM
HELEN SHARRATT, Integrated Justice Coordinator, Alaska Court
System and Coordinator for Alaska's Multi-Agency Justice
Integration Consortium (MAJIC), presented a chart depicting
MAJIC. She referred to a chart in members' packets which depicts
the 20 members in the consortium, their responsibilities, and
MAJIC's website, which is maintained by UAA's Justice Center.
MS. SHARRATT informed the committee that the purpose of MAJIC is
to help agencies within the criminal justice system share
information more efficiently, accurately, and in a timely
fashion. MAJIC meets bi-monthly to discuss how data can be
exchanged. Both the U.S attorney general and the state attorney
general stressed the need to connect the dots in the wake of
911. MAJIC provides that collaboration and focuses on standards
needed to communicate system-to-system.
CHAIR FRENCH asked where MAJIC is in this effort.
MS. SHARRATT replied MAJIC has made staggering progress in the
last few years, but still has a long way to go.
CHAIR FRENCH asked if MAJIC is half way.
MS. SHARRATT cited examples of successful progress in the bail
project and electronic filing system. She commented on the
tremendous number of minor offenses that have been identified.
CHAIR FRENCH called minor offenses precursors to major crime.
MS. SHARRATT highlighted HB 386 which was initially proposed by
MAJIC. It streamlined the citation bill in order to facilitate
more efficient data entry and communication. She spoke of
outstanding collaboration facilitated by MAJIC.
9:51:11 AM
CHAIR FRENCH thanked Ms. Sharratt and introduced Quinlan Steiner
and Richard Allen.
9:52:04 AM
QUINLAN STEINER, Director, Public Defender Agency (PDA),
Department of Administration, said PDA is a primary provider of
defense services for indigent clients in the state, handling
both criminal and civil matters, including felonies,
misdemeanors, juvenile delinquency cases, child-in-need-of-aid
(CINA) matters, and civil commitment. There are 13 offices
statewide wherever there is a sitting superior court judge.
There are approximately 100 lawyers and 70 staff around the
state. Cases involving a conflict of interest are handled by the
Office of Public Advocacy (OPA).
MR. STEINER addressed trends PDA is seeing, such as the nearly
10 percent increase in felony filings. Misdemeanors are
relatively flat. Probation revocations are also increasing by 20
percent. The vast majority of what PDA does is to review cases
and communicate with clients about cases.
CHAIR FRENCH asked if the PDA tracks caseloads per attorney.
MR. STEINER answered yes. Felony and CINA cases are the most
complex and are weighted differently than misdemeanors. Over the
last three years there has been a steady increase in the average
caseload per attorney. With the exception of last year's fiscal
note, an attorney position has not been added since 2009, in
spite of the steady increase in caseload.
MR. STEINER described the conflict cases as a particular
challenge for PDA.
CHAIR FRENCH requested more information.
MR. STEINER gave an example of two co-defendants charged in the
same case, and explained that the agency can't represent both
clients. However, the bulk of the conflict problem is related to
prior representation of so many clients. A conflict arises when
there is a new witness that PDA has previously represented.
Paralegals are now doing conflict analysis and that has helped.
PDA has re-addressed how to handle ethical rules of conduct in
regard to prior files, and now they are closed after they are
archived making them unavailable to attorneys. The result has
been a sharp decrease in conflict.
9:57:51 AM
MR. STEINER addressed challenges facing PDA. As the caseload and
complexity of cases increase, there is an enormous amount of
pressure on staff. Staffing shortages slow the flow of
paperwork. A solution is to get discovery early and review it
early.
CHAIR FRENCH asked for information about the trend in discovery.
MR. STEINER replied not much has changed, but there is an
awareness of the impact. The Phoenix Project focused on delays
caused by meaningless status hearings without discovery. He
concluded that anything that promotes early review in case
resolution can close cases sooner and more appropriately.
10:00:26 AM
CHAIR FRENCH asked Mr. Steiner to comment on the PDA's role in
the statistic that 25 percent of felony filings go away.
MR. STEINER replied the question is how long it takes for a case
to be dismissed. It is fine if the case is arraigned and
dismissed quickly due to being an inappropriate filing, however,
if it happens the day before the trial that means the PDA spent
a lot of wasted time on the case. Good, early screening is key.
The earlier plea cases can be resolved, the more time the PDA
can focus on trial cases, which will benefit the system as a
whole.
MR. STEINER noted a principle challenge of the system is to
reduce crime by providing rehabilitative services. Comprehensive
gathering of data to evaluate efficacy is missing.
CHAIR FRENCH asked for an example.
MR. STEINER said he didn't have data to say whether programs do
or don't work, only anecdotes. He maintained that if someone
participates in a program that doesn't work and they come back
into the criminal justice system, it's held against them.
10:04:29 AM
CHAIR FRENCH said he didn't know if it was held against the
person or the program. He suggested proceeding cautiously when
funding rehabilitation programs.
MR. STEINER said he was referring to programs that underlie
criminal conduct such as substance abuse, mental health, or the
batterer program. The ability to resolve cases goes down with
caseload increases.
CHAIR FRENCH said he thought the time needed to resolve cases
and the "wait to trial" had gone down.
MR. STEINER replied he had not looked into that.
10:06:35 AM
CHAIR FRENCH said he'd like that information.
RICHARD ALLEN, Director, Office of Public Advocacy (OPA),
described OPA as the catch-all agency. Its cases are two-thirds
civil and one-third criminal. It does all the public guardian
work and is responsible for about 2,000 wards of the state. It
deals with guardian ad litems, court visitors, CINA cases, elder
abuse cases, as well as criminal defense cases and probate
matters.
He said that OPA's structure is comprised of a series of
separate law firms, unlike the PDA's structure which is top
down. In OPA, the administrative section is the hub of a wheel-
like structure of offices to allow handling of matters in a
conflict-free manner. The various law firms do not have access
to one another's files.
CHAIR FRENCH observed that OPA does not impute client
information across the boundaries.
MR. ALLEN agreed, and added that the agency is very careful that
the administrative office does not receive a backflow of
information.
10:09:50 AM
CHAIR FRENCH recognized that Senator Gary Stevens joined the
meeting.
MR. ALLEN continued with an example of OPA's structure.
CHAIR FRENCH summarized that OPA receives fewer but more serious
cases.
MR. ALLEN agreed. It is a statewide organization with offices in
Fairbanks, Anchorage, Bethel, and Juneau, which does not have a
criminal office. OPA is made up of 47 attorneys and 77 staff,
which includes public guardians. Contracts for communities
without an OPA office are done through the RFP process.
He noted that OPA does a lot of civil work and depends on
volunteers.
CHAIR FRENCH asked about the demand for court appointed special
advocates (CASA), and if they are volunteers.
MR. ALLEN said there is a great demand for CASA's, and the
volunteers save the state money and provide an important role.
He spoke of recent important partnerships and cited examples.
CHAIR FRENCH compared the CASA program to having a big brother
or sister.
MR. ALLEN agreed; they're good people who care about kids. He
was pleased that the CASA program was expanding into rural
Alaska.
CHAIR FRENCH asked when Mr. Allen took over as head of OPA.
MR. ALLEN replied it was in April of 2011.
He asked the committee to support SB 86 on elder fraud. Most of
these cases involve children taking advantage of their elderly
parents.
10:18:25 AM
CHAIR FRENCH observed that SB 86 was in the Senate Finance
Committee.
10:19:17 AM
WALT MONEGAN, President and CEO, Alaska Native Justice Center,
said he's been on the job for about a year and has about 35
years' experience in law enforcement. He opined that there is
not one particular issue that drives crime, nor one solution. He
shared his philosophy on crime. He recalled tribal history in
Alaska as it relates to crime.
10:24:06 AM
SENATOR DYSON joined the committee.
MR. MONEGAN said that although Alaska Natives make up 18 percent
of Alaska's population, they represent 36 percent of the prison
population. He asked the committee to consider helping to
implement tribal courts. The idea is to get the people in a
community involved with law enforcement.
CHAIR FRENCH mentioned the problems highlighted in Western
Alaska. He suggested the name might be changed to village courts
or community courts. He agreed with the idea of having the
people police themselves.
10:28:22 AM
MR. MONEGAN recalled Anchorage community courts of yore and
suggested that the same idea could work in villages. He
suggested a partnership between the state and the tribes as a
two-year pilot, after which it would be evaluated by the UAA
Justice Center. It could be funded from $45,000 from each of the
departments of law, corrections, health and social services and
the court. He suggested that the proposal would eventually
reduce the state's budget.
10:31:16 AM
MR. MONEGAN explained that Phase 1 would be to select three
functioning community courts, update technology equipment, and
retrain judges.
In Phase 2 funds would provide stipends for judges and the court
clerk on a case-by-case basis. After two years the study would
be evaluated.
CHAIR FRENCH said it was a fascinating concept, however, past
discussions have shown that the state is reluctant to pay for a
court in every small community.
10:35:16 AM
MR. MONEGAN suggested that many laws are written with an urban
perspective and this causes difficulty in non-urban communities.
He highlighted the re-entry program for prisoners as an example.
SENATOR PASKVAN commented that the youth court is very
successful and he liked the suggestion to build on that concept
for communities.
MR. MONEGAN pointed out that what makes youth court and
therapeutic courts successful is that they address individuals
as people, rather than as a number.
CHAIR FRENCH introduced Jake Metcalfe.
10:40:57 AM
JAKE METCALFE, Executive Director, Public Safety Employee
Association, Anchorage, AK, said he would discuss the Champions
of Public Safety (COPS), a nonprofit foundation. The belief was
that the members could increase public relations of public
safety members. Membership is made up of Alaska State Troopers,
airport police, firefighters, court service officers, the deputy
fire marshal, and municipal police agencies throughout the
state. COPS has a vested interest in public safety, crime
prevention, crime reduction, and improving the image of law
enforcement officers.
He also described People are Worth Saving (PAWS,) a project that
is directed at reducing suicide, substance abuse, and violent
crime in rural Alaska and the Alaska Native population. It
involves off-duty Alaska Native law enforcement officers and
providing proactive versus reactive education, training,
mentorship, and leadership. The basis for PAWS is the delivery
of the program through traditional dog mushing expeditions.
Trooper Shanigan brought the idea forward as a mentoring
program.
CHAIR FRENCH asked where Trooper Shanigan was based.
MR. METCALF said he is a Native Alaskan trooper based in
Talkeetna.
MR. METCALF listed the challenges of PAWS: geography, weather,
distance, manpower, resources, communication, transportation,
and underreporting. PSEA is working with PAWS to meet some of
the challenges.
He listed the benefits of PAWS: proactive, prevention-focused
approach to issues, unique rapport building develops trust
relationships, provides tools, strategies, training, and
education to solve crime issues, and shared values. He spoke of
the program as a partnership between PAWS and PSEA.
10:48:47 AM
CHAIR FRENCH asked how many officers PSEA represents and what
percentage of all officers in the state that was.
MR. METCALFE said PSEA represents between 700 and 800 officers,
and surmised that the percentage was a majority.
CHAIR FRENCH asked for information on trends he was seeing.
MR. METCALFE replied a lot of crimes are still drug and alcohol
related. Issues such as sexual abuse, sexual assault, domestic
violence are prevalent in rural Alaska. He mentioned an
agreement with the Department of Public Safety (DPS) to have a
two-weeks-on and two-weeks-off presence in Emmonak and Selawik.
Anecdotally, it's having an impact.
CHAIR FRENCH said he thought such a schedule was a good way to
build relationships with the communities.
MR. METCALFE agreed that it is a positive trend.
10:52:40 AM
TERRENCE SHANIGAN, Trooper, Alaska State Troopers, Department of
Public Safety, shared his background and personal experience of
having been raised in a community with a history of violent
crime. He reflected on why he and another fellow trooper did not
fall into that trap. They recalled that PSEA talked about being
proactive rather than reactive, a common weakness of troopers.
They met with other rural troopers to discuss this issue and the
result was PAWS. They used their training and experience from
Mt. Edgecombe and personal experience to build the mushing
expedition program. The first step was to build rapport and then
to provide education, training, and resources.
Last year was the first long expedition from Nenana to Nome and
included many villages in between. Many communities are
requesting a route from Nenana to Galena. Until PSEA became
involved, the program was personally funded.
He said he has been trying to track the impact PAWs is having.
He is also training community members to continue the program in
the individual communities.
10:57:50 AM
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI plugged "Alaska State Troopers" on the
National Geographic Channel as a way to learn more about the
program.
CHAIR FRENCH expressed appreciation for the program.
10:58:29 AM
CHAIR FRENCH called an at-ease.
11:24:28 AM
CHAIR FRENCH reconvened the meeting. He introduced Commissioner
Schmidt, Ms. Gutierrez, and Mr. Edwards.
11:25:32 AM
JOE SCHMIDT, Commissioner, Department of Corrections (DOC),
Anchorage, AK, said the department's mission is to enhance the
safety of communities. DOC provides secure confinement,
reformative programs, and a process of supervised community
reintegration. He explained DOC's role in providing dependable
electronic technology. He said he wanted to discuss what happens
when the prisoner reenters the community.
He shared statistics about the number of DOC staff and
prisoners. There are 1509 staff, about 6,000 offenders in
various levels of confinement, and about 6,000 on probation. One
out of 36 Alaskan adults is under DOC's jurisdiction. In 2010,
DOC booked 38,000 offenders into its facilities.
He reviewed DOC's goals: protecting the public, reducing
recidivism, delaying the need for new prisons, ensuring that
offenders spend their time in custody productively working
toward reentry from day one, and working collaboratively with
outside stakeholders. He noted that Anchorage's Police Chief
Mark Mew had been particularly helpful.
11:33:14 AM
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT addressed recidivism. A 2007 recidivism
study showed that two out of three offenders would return to
jail.
CHAIR FRENCH added that it was two out of three offenders would
return to jail within three years.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT agreed. He discussed the development of an
evidence-based model.
CHAIR FRENCH noted that GED is an example of an evidence-based
model.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT reported that the Crime Summit was very
helpful.
He discussed the prisoner population and the offender profile.
The number of offenders in jail for 6 months or less has dropped
since 2002. The number of those who are in jail for more than
three years has grown. The nonviolent population is larger and
is serving longer sentences.
11:37:28 AM
CHAIR FRENCH said the most analytic work that can be done in the
next year or so is to look at the nonviolent population and
determine whether it is smart to keep them in jail for long
periods of time. He surmised that there was potential for large
savings.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT agreed that the silver lining is that
something else can be done for nonviolent prisoners.
He displayed a graph of inmate population from 2002-2020.
CHAIR FRENCH asked if there was a buffer facility to deal with
overcrowding.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT related that out-of-state facilities are
the buffer for overflow, but soon it will be Goose Creek. If
something is done to address recidivism the inmate curve will
stop trending up by the end of 2011.
He explained that last year DOR revamped how medical costs are
addressed. DOC developed a process for early identification and
regular review of high cost inmates to determine more cost-
effective placements. This is the first year DOC is not asking
for a supplement. Next year the plan is to address Medicaid
issues.
11:42:59 AM
SAM EDWARDS, Deputy Commissioner for Operations, Department of
Corrections, displayed a graph of the offender population for
1990-2011. Current capacity of the 12 in-state facilities is
3,840, and when Goose Creek opens, another 1,556 beds will be
added. If half-way houses are included, the total capacity will
be 6,185 in 2012. Bringing prisoners back to Alaska will
increase that amount by 3 percent. He stressed the need to get a
handle on recidivism or the institutions will be over capacity
by 2015.
CHAIR FRENCH asked when Goose Creek will house the out-of-state
prisoners.
MR. EDWARDS replied out-of-state prisoners from Colorado will
return the last quarter of FY13 and the first quarter of FY14.
CHAIR FRENCH asked for the calendar year.
MR. EDWARDS said DOC projects that all prisoners will have
returned to Alaska by August 2013.
MR. EDWARDS discussed halfway house growth from 2006-2011. The
population has increase by about 200 people since 2007. The
average number in custody in 2011 was 742. Halfway houses are
usually about 95 percent full. He stressed that the population
is not comprised of risky persons, but rather persons
appropriate for the re-entry philosophy.
CHAIR FRENCH said he would ask about the management of the
community residential centers in another hearing.
MR. EDWARDS discussed electronic monitoring counts from 2006-
2011. The current average is about 350 on a daily basis. The
program is cost saving because those offenders would be in
prison or in a halfway house if not on electronic monitoring.
CHAIR FRENCH requested further information about DOC'S
electronic monitoring system.
11:48:11 AM
MR. EDWARDS said DOC's program is run by probation officers.
Hard line phone coverage is becoming outdated and is not
reasonable any longer. Supervision and screening is probably the
only significant difference between types of programs used.
CHAIR FRENCH asked if the system provides real-time monitoring.
MR. EDWARDS explained that the system is capable of collecting
that data, however, DOC does not do so. The current program can
be expanded as needed to serve a larger population.
He shared information about the cost savings of the program. An
institutional bed costs $134.90 per day, $80 for a half-way
house bed and $22 for electronic monitoring. Annually, that
comes to about $17 million in jail costs, $10 million in halfway
house costs, and only $3 million for electronic monitoring.
Electronic monitoring is considerably more cost effective for
the right person.
11:51:04 AM
MR. EDWARDS discussed DOC recruitment. The department is staffed
at about 97 percent or better for correctional officers, which
is significant. The success rate is partly due to partnerships
with the Alaska Police Standards Council and the Department of
Administration when doing background checks. There is active
recruitment at multiple locations.
11:52:06 AM
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI said he has heard concerns about unilateral
shift changes imposed on correctional officers, which have
resulted in an unfair labor practice complaint.
MR. EDWARDS explained that a review of staffing shifts indicated
that some officers were working 12 hour shifts versus 8 hours.
Today, about 90 percent of the correctional officers are working
12-hour shifts today and 10 percent are working 8-hour shifts.
When a proposed change is implemented, it will be more like a
75/25 split. The reason for the proposed change is efficiency in
dealing with the facility.
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI said the issue has come to his attention
and it's clear it's an unfair labor practice since DOC
negotiates wages and hours. He said he hopes a resolution could
be found during contract negotiations.
MR. EDWARDS assured him that DOC's interpretation of the
proposed schedule was in compliance with the current contract.
COMMISSIONER SCHMIDT pointed out that the contract defines an 8-
hour shift. He stated that DOC will comply with the unfair labor
process.
MR. EDWARDS mentioned the focus of the DOC Academy. New areas of
interest include how to handle gangs and security threat groups
and non-lethal methods of dealing with disturbances in
institutions.
MR. EDWARDS concluded with comments on the classification
policy, an integral part of the academy. It deals with assessing
needs and risks of a prisoner and providing correct program
placement.
CHAIR FRENCH related that he solicited input from the public on
their views about causes and solutions of crime in Alaska. One
person highlighted Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) as a
cause. He suggested that issue be kept in mind.
11:58:12 AM
CARMEN GUTIERREZ, Deputy Commissioner for Prisoner
Rehabilitation and Reentry, Department of Corrections,
Anchorage, AK, emphasized that it will involve all stakeholders
to solve the problems of the offender population and crime in
Alaska. There is a need to do things smarter and more
effectively.
She compared offender classes of the prisoner population in 2002
versus 2011 for drug and alcohol offences. In 2002 the
percentage of offenders incarcerated for drug or alcohol
offenses was 15.39 percent; in 2011, that number was 19.08
percent, a 20 percent increase. Many of these were for simple
possession of various drugs. The substance abuse problem
continues to grow and won't change without a commitment between
various agencies to address the problem.
12:01:21 PM
SENATOR ELLIS joined the committee.
MS. GUTIERREZ said in 2007 DOC made a commitment to address the
substance abuse problem. The strategy was to identify and employ
evidence-based substance abuse programs. There are now short-
term substance abuse programs in 8 out of 12 institutions, and a
long-term, intensive care treatment program in 2 facilities, as
well as aftercare in communities.
CHAIR FRENCH asked which program was best.
MS. GUTIERREZ said there are two highly effective projects. The
first is a long-term residential community environment treatment
program. It is a six-month-minimum program. The second project,
which needs to be expanded, is community aftercare programs.
Those should be run by DOC in order to maintain quality
assurance.
12:05:20 PM
MS. GUTIERREZ addressed outcomes of substance abuse treatment
programs. FY10 performance measures show that 58 percent of
individuals that did not participate in treatment programs
returned to incarceration. Of those who completed treatment,
just over 36 percent returned to incarceration, a substantial
difference.
MS. GUTIERREZ related that performance measures were revamped
this year. The target is to reduce recidivism and the strategies
are the programs.
Performance measures for FY11 show similar recidivism
statistics. The national standard for tracking recidivism is
three years and the FY11 data shows only one year's results. The
department is working to establish a common definition for
recidivism which matches the national tracking rate.
MS. GUTIERREZ updated the committee on the Probationer
Accountability with Certain Enforcement (PACE) program. It began
in 2010 in Anchorage Superior Court with 70 high-risk felony
probationers. The Judicial Council did a study and found that
two-thirds of probationers, while on PACE, had no positive drug
tests compared to one-fifth having no positive drug tests before
PACE.
CHAIR FRENCH described it as a "short leash program".
MS. GUTIERREZ agreed that an immediate sanction is a key aspect.
She said there was also a pilot project in Fairbanks and would
be a future program in Palmer.
12:10:28 PM
MS. GUTIEREZ turned to the sex offender management treatment
program. Polygraph testing is now available in all field
probation offices. The number of polygraph exams has increased
dramatically in the last years and DOC has been able to increase
community-based providers by 15 percent.
There has also been an increase in the delivery of education
programs for offenders. More are getting GEDs, and enrolling in
the criminal attitudes and parenting programs. In order to
change criminal behavior, a cognitive behavior approach must be
used.
The Alaska Prisoner Re-Entry Task Force, a community task force,
has had many accomplishments to date. Ms. Gutierez introduced
the new project coordinator.
MS. GUTIERREZ commented on challenges which include continuing
collaboration on data collection. There is a need for a more
systematic method to collect and organize criminal justice date.
CHAIR FRENCH asked where to look for a model.
MS. GUTIERREZ said she'd follow up with that information.
12:14:27 PM
CHAIR FRENCH recessed the meeting.
12:14:51 PM
CHAIR FRENCH reconvened the meeting and introduced Mr. Rosay.
12:23:10 PM
ANDRÉ B. ROSAY, Ph.D., Director, UAA Justice Center, Anchorage,
AK, presented an overview of the Justice Center, which was
established by the Legislature in 1975 and has a mandate to
provide statewide justice-related education, research, and
service.
The UAA Justice Center is an inter-disciplinary unit that
provides undergraduate, graduate, and professional education and
conducts research in the areas of crime, law, and justice. It
also provides service to government agencies and community
organizations.
Four academic programs are offered in paralegal studies and
justice as well as housing pre-law advising. For every dollar
the state invested in instruction, the UAA Justice Center
generated $1.56 in tuition revenue.
UAA Justice Center research is facilitated by the statistical
analysis center, the crime mapping center, and the survey
research center. He shared achievements of the research centers.
For every dollar the state invested in research, the UAA Justice
Center spent $2.21 in external funding.
MR. ROSAY mentioned recent articles in the Alaska Justice Forum.
CHAIR FRENCH said he's a fan of the publication.
12:29:10 PM
MR. ROSAY shared key results of the Alaska Victimization Survey
from Bristol Bay, Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau. The survey
began in FY10 and was designed to establish a baseline for
estimates of intimate partner violence and sexual violence in
Alaska. It was designed to determine if victimization rates were
increasing or if the reporting of victimizations had increased.
The survey was modeled after the National Intimate Partner and
Sexual Violence Surveillant System. The primary goal was to
maximize the safety and the confidentiality of the respondents.
The respondents were randomly selected adult females and the
surveys were conducted by phone. The respondents had to have
access to a phone.
MR. ROSAY said he believes that victimization rates are higher
among women that were excluded from the survey because they do
not have access to a phone. All estimates in the survey are
conservative and may vary across samples.
MR. ROSAY reported that in 2011, 374 women in the Bristol Bay
region were surveyed, 615 in Fairbanks, 710 in Anchorage, and
601 in Juneau. He referred to handouts that summarize the
surveys.
SENATOR PASKVAN asked what percentage of the population might
not have access to a phone.
MR. ROSAY said some that were missed include women who are
incarcerated, in shelters, in hospitals, and the homeless. He
assumed that the victim rates of those excluded were much
higher.
12:33:13 PM
He said the presentation focuses on sexual violence, in general.
He emphasized that surveyors asked behaviorally specific
questions so the respondents didn't have to identify themselves
as a victim and didn't need to use legal terms. This method also
attributes all of the blame to the perpetrators, not the
responders.
He listed the results of intimate partner violence. In
Anchorage, 42.2 percent of those surveyed had experienced
intimate partner violence and 8.2 percent had experienced
intimate partner violence in the last year.
In Fairbanks, 49.5 percent had experienced intimate partner
violence and 10.8 percent had experienced intimate partner
violence in past year.
In Juneau, 47.1 percent had experienced intimate partner
violence and 12.1 percent had experienced intimate partner
violence in the past year.
In the Bristol Bay region, 44.2 percent had experienced intimate
partner violence and 12.3 percent had experienced intimate
partner violence in the past year.
CHAIR FRENCH stated that it is hard to imagine that 50 percent
of women in Alaska have experienced intimate partner violence.
He said it defies description.
MR. ROSAY reiterated that the results are conservative
estimates. The conclusion is that intimate partner violence is a
serious problem throughout the state.
The numbers of women impacted, rather than a percentage, make
the results more personal. For example, in Anchorage, with a
population of 106,706 adult women, 45,030 adult women have
experienced intimate partner violence at some point in their
lifetime. In the past year, almost 9,000 adult women in
Anchorage have experienced intimate partner violence. A gap
exists between the number of women reporting violence and
utilizing services.
CHAIR FRENCH inquired about the percentage of women who do
report.
MR. ROSAY said he was not ready to provide that estimate. He
could safely say that it is less than 20 percent.
12:39:04 PM
MR. ROSAY reported on the survey's findings regarding sexual
violence. In Anchorage, 29.6 percent of adult women have
experienced sexual violence at some point in their lifetime.
That is almost one out of every three. In addition, 1.4 percent
of adult women have experienced sexual violence in the past
year.
In Fairbanks, 31.4 percent of adult women have experienced
sexual violence at some point in their lifetime and 2.7 percent
of adult women have experienced sexual violence during the past
year. Results in Juneau and Bristol Bay were similar.
The numbers clearly show that the numbers are unacceptably high
in Alaska.
He highlighted limitations of the survey. The survey measures
the number of victims, not the number of victimizations, which
would be much higher. The survey also did not measure all forms
of intimate partner violence or sexual violence. Estimates are
conservative due to the survey limitations, but also due to the
social stigma of reporting sexual violence.
12:41:55 PM
LAUREE MORTON, Executive Director, Council on Domestic Violence
& Sexual Assault, Department of Public Safety, thanked the
respondents who took the time to complete the survey. She
explained that the survey established a baseline in order to
better understand sexual violence and develop strategies of
prevention. The intent is to continue regional surveys in Sitka,
Kodiak, and Bethel in 2012. She mentioned the governor's rural
pilot project and the need for baseline information.
12:44:45 PM
CHAIR FRENCH asked how often the surveys should be done.
MS. MORTON replied the intent is to go back every five years.
SENATOR COGHILL said he expects the same methodology would be
used in order to maintain the integrity of the survey.
MR. ROSAY answered yes.
SENATOR COGHILL predicted that additional questions would be
considered in future surveys.
SENATOR PASKVAN asked if respondents are asked how the violence
might be stopped.
MR. ROSAY replied some of the questions ask if the violence was
reported and how it went, and if it was not reported, what the
barriers to reporting were.
SENATOR PASKVAN said he believes that would be a valuable
question in order to find solutions on how to stop violence.
SENATOR COGHILL expressed interest in the male perspective of
violence. He brought up the issue of child pornography and the
detrimental effect it has. He stressed that males have issues to
deal with and often are victims, too.
MS. MORTON said that separate from the survey, the council is
working on a prevention curriculum called "The Fourth R", which
is about healthy relationships. It will help young men and women
in high school examine their interactions and will give them an
opportunity to talk about violent situations.
SENATOR COGHILL cautioned to be aware how young boys think about
relationship issues. Victimization happens to both boys and
girls.
12:51:05 PM
MR. ROSAY reported that the 2012 Alaska Dashboard includes
population indicators for childhood exposure to domestic
violence, child and youth victimization, reports of harm (child
and youth), adult and elder victimization, reports of harm
(adults and elders), primary prevention and protective factors,
reports to law enforcement, utilization of services, and
offender accountability. These are population indicators that
provide a general overview, not performance measures for
individual departments. The goal is to see an increase in the
reports of harm and a decrease in victimization rates.
SENATOR COGHILL asked how to distinguish between trust and fear
of authority, family or government, when looking at these
questions.
MR. ROSAY replied he didn't have an answer.
MR. ROSAY related that the Dashboard was created by the Council
on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault (CDVSA) data group which
was convened by the governor's Choose Respect Initiative to end
the epidemic of domestic violence and sexual assault in Alaska.
The CDVSA work group includes approximately 15 representatives
from the university, state agencies, non-profits, and tribal
partners. The CDVSA work group identified key population
indicators that could be replicated over time, as well as
accurate data sources. Some comparisons to U.S. data were made.
12:56:27 PM
SENATOR COGHILL asked if there is room in the indicators to say
the programs morphed into better programs.
MR. ROSAY said it could not be done on the Dashboard, but could
be included elsewhere.
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI asked if previous data is from different
years.
MR. ROSAY answered that it sometimes it is. He referred to pages
3-7 of the document for extensive definitions of each data
point.
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI asked if previous Alaska data was from 2006
and current Alaska data was from 2009.
MR. ROSAY said it was and thanked the governor's office for help
with the document. The CDVSA finalized the document this
morning. Many of the changes may be random variations. Years of
future data will show the trends more clearly.
12:59:51 PM
MS. MORTON said they looked at results-based accountability,
such as population measures, performance measures, and outcome
measures. The current document contains population measures. It
is the first in a series of ways to attempt to measure reducing
domestic violence and sexual assault.
She pointed out that this information has been gathering for
years, but this is the first time that it has all been collected
in one place. She cautioned that when looking at the progress
column, to keep the definitions in mind. There are no
satisfactory numbers, only satisfactory changes between the
data. Progress will take time.
1:03:46 PM
CHAIR FRENCH the final category regarding offender
accountability reinforces the belief that there is a need for
additional focus on arresting more offenders.
MS. MORTON continued to explain that the gage of whether
progress has been made is plus or minus 5. She said she wants to
see more improvement in utilization of services and more
interaction in the early part of the program. She concluded that
there is hope in that people and communities are talking about
the issue. She predicted that someday there wouldn't be the
stigma of reporting violence and sexual assault.
1:06:58 PM
MR. ROSAY explained that the UAA Justice Center's strategic
priorities are to continue to lead Alaska toward a safer,
healthier, and more just society. There are seven preliminary
strategic directions: expand degree programs, facilitate student
engagement and success, continue to increase research capacity,
develop a justice information center, expand the scope of
research by identifying new opportunities, disseminate research
results more broadly, and improve the focus of service
activities.
MR. ROSAY addressed a continuing need to expand five degree
programs. He said there was no anticipated cost for these
programs. The programs will build a pipeline for rural students
and for first generation college students to pursue a legal
career. They will increase the diversity on the bar and bench.
He requested help documenting the need for legal studies
programs in Alaska and showing that they would satisfy important
needs. He said he would contact legislators individually for
support.
MR. ROSAY focused on developing a justice information center.
There is a need for more systematic and collaborative ways to
compile, analyze, and report justice data.
1:12:55 PM
SENATOR COGHILL asked if the structure would be based on a
national model.
MR. ROSAY answered it probably would.
SENATOR COGHILL said he was impressed by what the Washington
Institute for Public Policy did. He liked the idea of a center
and using a national model to meet Alaska's needs.
CHAIR FRENCH asked when the proposal would come forward.
MR. ROSAY replied the UAA Justice Center was building support
for the idea.
The proposed mandate would focus on three primary tasks: hold
offenders accountable, reduce recidivism, and protect Alaska's
citizens. It would prepare reports, facilitate research, and
respond to policy questions.
MR. ROSAY stressed the need for an organizational process to
review models in other states; develop an Alaska-specific plan;
create policies and procedures; structure interactions with
agencies; and assign and direct the workload.
1:16:22 PM
CHAIR FRENCH suggested Mr. Rosay look at a slow phase-in
approach.
He thanked the presenters and introduced Jeff Jesse.
1:17:22 PM
JEFF JESSE, CEO, Alaska Mental Health Trust Authority,
Department of Revenue (AMHTA), said AMHTA's interest in the
crime summit relates to trust beneficiaries who are involved in
the criminal justice system. He reported that 42 percent of all
inmates are trust beneficiaries.
CHAIR FRENCH asked for a definition of trust beneficiary.
MR. JESSE explained that trust beneficiaries are people with
mental health issues or chronic substance abuse issues,
developmental disabilities, dementia, or traumatic brain injury.
He explained that in order to qualify, the condition must be
chronic and have a major impact on the person's ability to
fulfill primary functions in life.
CHAIR FRENCH asked if there was a list of qualifications.
MR. JESSE answered no, but AMHTA does prioritize beneficiaries.
Prevention is a key component of the trust's work.
CHAIR FRENCH concluded that the term "trust beneficiary" was not
a legal definition, but a population served by AMHTA.
MR. JESSE said he was on the Criminal Justice Working Group, and
that it was a great forum for getting agencies to collaborate
and cooperate. He suggested, however, that more could be done
regarding interagency cooperation.
He suggested that the Department of Health and Social Services
(DHSS), which had not testified in the Crime Summit, would have
a great impact on turning the curve on challenges in the
criminal justice system. DHSS has highly cost-effective programs
for successful reentry into a community. There needs to be
better communication and data connection between DOC and DHSS
for housing, employment, and support systems.
He highlighted the Department of Education and Early Development
(DEED) as another important agency to help turn the curve of
crime. Early childhood education is a very cost-effective
strategy to combat crime. He suggested engaging DEED to add to a
long-term portfolio of strategies to turn the curve.
CHAIR FRENCH agreed that early childhood education was a
powerful program and could make a difference.
MR. JESSE stated that it is tragic that the state has taken a
huge dividend out of Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC)
and put it into the general fund, because every day it is a
struggle to house beneficiaries. Of those people coming out of
the corrections system, a large percentage ends up being
homeless. He highlighted that over $1 billion in AHFC dividends
has gone into the general fund rather than housing and the state
is reaping the consequences.
CHAIR FRENCH asked what the rate of homelessness is in the
general population versus the beneficiary population.
MR. JESSE replied there are over 3,000 homeless individuals in
Alaska on any given night, and the fasted growing segment is
families with children.
CHAIR FRENCH observed that transitional housing is a problem.
MR. JESSE noted that to be able to afford the average rent for a
one-bedroom apartment in Anchorage, with a minimum wage job, a
person has to work 138 hours per week.
CHAIR FRENCH asked how the Mental Health Trust Authority uses
its assets.
MR. JESSE explained that the MHTA has about $425 million,
managed by the Permanent Fund Corporation, and receives about a
4.25 percent payout every year. Revenue is also generated from
land holdings. Combined, the MHTA has about $24 million to spend
a year. Mental health program costs are about $160 million in
general funds and Medicaid brings the total program cost to well
over $300 million. If the Trust were to use more of its assets
each year, he said it might be possible that the Legislature
would reduce its general fund contribution for a zero sum gain.
"We have reason to believe that might happen." He explained that
the MHTA tries to use its resources as a catalyst for changing
the system to make it more effective and efficient. It has
invested in things like Bridge Home, mental health courts, and
the woman's mental health unit at Highland Mountain Correctional
Center. For the latter, the MHTA paid for the entire program the
first year, two-thirds the next year, and one-third the
following year. Another project was to help the Legislature add
dental, vision, and hearing to the Medicaid program, paying an
incremental cost initially and phasing out over time.
1:32:00 PM
MR. JESSE stated that both the Alaska Housing Finance
Corporation (AHFC) and the Department of Labor are essential
partners in helping people reintegrate into a community after
they leave prison. They need housing and jobs, but the 492
barrier statutes in this state make this difficult, and not all
of these laws make sense. For example, why should a non-violent
felon who has paid his debt to society be automatically
ineligible to become a big game guide? When people coming out of
prison can't get a job, can't find housing, and have no
continuity of service for alcohol or mental health issues, it
should come as no surprise that the recidivism rate is more than
60 percent.
MR. JESSE said DOC understands what's needed after its
responsibility ends in order for other agencies to carry
forward. It has been very proactive and has even helped some
felons pre-qualify for Social Security, but all relevant
agencies need to be brought in to look at what the criminal
justice system is doing and how they can all partner to help
drive down and turn the prison need/overcapacity curve. He
suggested having the agencies work cooperatively to develop a
portfolio of intervention strategies and then do exactly what
Andre Rosay has done with the domestic violence initiative.
Develop the tools and the population measures and performance
measures for the individual programs and projects so it's
possible to analyze the outcomes so as to know what gives the
best bang for the buck, and if anybody is better off.
1:36:40 PM
MR. JESSE stated that the Bridge Home program outcomes clearly
show that when people coming out of corrections are provided
housing and support there are subsequent dramatic reductions in
the use of the Alaska Psychiatric Institute (API) and the
Department of Corrections. This program serves 55 people and is
100 percent trust-funded, but it's the type of program that
should go to scale.
MR. JESSE directed attention to a bar chart showing rates of
alcohol and tobacco sales to minors and questioned why the rate
of illegal sales of alcohol should be twice that of illegal
sales of tobacco to minors. He suggested that there were two
bills relating to alcohol that bear particular scrutiny this
session. One bill would move the ABC Board from the Department
of Public Safety to the Department of Commerce and the second is
an omnibus sunset bill that would extend the ABC Board, and
others. He explained that the ABC Board initiated the request
for the transfer to commerce. The argument is that alignment
with enforcement makes for a more adversarial relationship with
the industry, whereas commerce promotes business.
He stated his belief that because the ABC Board is tasked with
oversight of the alcohol industry, it is very appropriately
domiciled within public safety. He questioned whether state
policy should further enhance the ability to promote alcohol in
this state, and observed that the alcohol industry does a very
good job of promoting itself.
MR. JESSE opined that it was highly unlikely that the ABC Board
would be allowed to sunset, and wondered what the chances are
that on the last day of the session the ABC Board will be pulled
from the omnibus sunset bill, inserted into the bill to transfer
the ABC Board from public safety to commerce, and sent back to
the Senate at about 11:55 p.m. He suggested legislators consider
whether that was going in the right direction, because the word
in the hall is that the lobbyists for the alcohol industry
believe they've got the votes to move the ABC Board to the
Department of Commerce.
CHAIR FRENCH commended Mr. Jesse for having the courage to say
that in the light of day with the cameras on because thousands
of people will become aware of the situation. This is how to
change public opinion and votes, he stated.
MR. JESSE stated that another place where things could be done
differently would be to offer treatment on demand to any victims
of domestic violence or sexual assault who thinks she would be
safer if she were sober. The outcomes would be easy to measure
and starting sooner rather than later would really help this
problem.
1:43:44 PM
SENATOR PASKVAN asked what the population trend is for trust
beneficiaries.
MR. JESSE replied the fastest growing segment of the Alaska
population is seniors and with that increase will come a greater
incidence of dementia and other issues that affect that
population. In the child and adolescent population, the rates of
fetal alcohol syndrome disorder (FASD) and autism spectrum
disorder are still climbing. Attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) is also a concern. The Bring the Kids Home
Project is an initiative to return to Alaska children being
served in out-of-state facilities. After about seven years of
this initiative, the Division of Behavioral Health collected
data on the 133 complex adolescents that are still in out-of-
state facilities. These kids have all been diagnosed as severely
emotionally disturbed (SED), and many have also been diagnosed
as FASD, ASD and IQ under 70. About 8 percent have stacked
disorders.
The value of this data is that it shows that one reason these
children are sent out-of-state is that they're falling between
two service delivery systems. Behavioral Health can handle their
mental health issues, but their treatments are not designed for
people with an IQ under 70 and the lack of impulse control of
FASD. Disability Services can handle those issues, but not the
mental health aspect. Just last week DHSS convened
representatives from the Division of Senior and Disability
Services and the Division of Behavioral Health as well as
providers from both systems to review each case and look at what
needs to be done to bridge the gap between the delivery systems.
MR. JESSE said the ravages of alcoholism are a constant problem,
which is why the AMHTA works hard in both Anchorage and
Fairbanks on the Housing First Initiative. Karluk Manor was a
fairly controversial project, but the mayor of Anchorage wants a
second Housing First project to be open by the end of 2013. He
said even people who aren't philosophically attracted to this
type of program are starting to realize that the impacts on
public resources are profound.
CHAIR FRENCH thanked Mr. Jesse and introduced Janet McCabe.
1:49:07 PM
JANET MCCABE, Chair, Partners for Progress (PFP), said PFP works
with the court system and others to support therapeutic justice,
which she believes is cost effective justice. She introduced
retired Judge Peter Froehlich who is a member of the Partners
Advisory Council and mentioned that retired Judge Tricia Collins
recently joined the council.
CHAIR FRENCH asked what the number one crime problem in Alaska
is and what can be done about it.
MS. MCCABE replied it's alcohol and the solution is to "keep up
the pressure." Senator Dyson once said "Do the smart thing, not
just the tough thing" and that is another way of saying cost
effective smart justice. It will need a lot of continuing
attention by the Legislature as well as all the other
departments and the public. It's all about the community.
She displayed a slide of South Dakota that shows that 10 percent
of all males under 50 have been on the 24/7 program. Apparently
there is a correlation between the increase in the use of 24/7
and the decrease of fatal traffic accidents involving alcohol.
MS. MCCABE explained that the 24/7 project in Anchorage was
formed last summer with help from the Division of Motor
Vehicles, the Department of Corrections, the municipal public
health and safety, and was based on the South Dakota model.
Anchorage Mayor Dan Sullivan supports the program and has
proposed including a funding item next year in the Anchorage
Blue Book. She said PFP used money from a couple grants that
were about to expire.
The current target group came from the Anchorage Police
Department and from Cynthia Franklin, municipal prosecutor, who
has seen many cases of domestic violence, child neglect, child
abuse, that are misdemeanors. These people are fairly new in the
justice process, and evidence indicates they are not controllers
or violent except when they were drinking. Participants are
from Anchorage and the rural areas. Dillingham uses the program
on weekends when people need more coverage, but in Juneau it is
provided by Gastineau Human Services through the therapeutic
courts.
CHAIR FRENCH asked if a key aspect of the program is that
participants are selected by the municipal prosecutor and the
public defender.
MS. MCCABE answered yes, and explained that both the defense and
prosecution have to agree to put the defendant in this program
and accept it as an alternate to regular sentencing.
CHAIR FRENCH asked who the "prime mover" is, the prosecution or
the defense.
MS. MCCABE replied it's the prosecution.
CHAIR FRENCH recognized that Representative Peterson had joined
the committee.
MS. MCCABE said the biggest site in South Dakota operates out of
a shopping mall. The Anchorage site is right across from Chuck
E. Cheese, and was chosen because of its centrality. The manager
is a retired Department of Corrections sergeant who does a
wonderful job.
CHAIR FRENCH asked how the program is supported.
MS. MCCABE replied the Partners for Progress funded the program
with remaining Department of Justice grants a state grant and
support from Representative Rokeburg. To get the program going
costs about $100,000.
The process is straight forward she said. Two testers are at the
site from 7 to 9 in the morning and 7 to 9 in evening including
holidays. It has been open since July 23 and is working well.
The cost is $2 per person and if a person blows positive for
alcohol the police are notified immediately. It goes directly to
the prosecutor and taken up at the next court session.
CHAIR FRENCH asked if both the morning and evening appearance
were compulsory.
MS. MCCABE replied yes. It's a tight-leash program that has lots
of human contact, which is immensely important in making a
change for a lot of people. Seeing that you did something right
360 times and being congratulated for it is "sort of the
educational process" and it does make a difference. The
evidence-based South Dakota study by the Rand Corporation will
be released at the end of January. South Dakota has 1,600 people
a day in its 24/7 programs.
She said one of the key elements is size and how to expand.
Right now there are 10 participants there will be 30 more
referred by the municipal prosecutor, some from probation and
some from parole. That's the proof that it will reduce
incarceration. She asked the committee to consider legislation
for a pilot project test case for people who graduate from the
therapeutic courts that would otherwise lose their license and
essentially not being able to work. It's very important to look
at different ways of address license revocation. This project
would allow people to be monitored after they graduate for
absolute sobriety for a predetermined period of time.
South Dakota started with a pilot and now uses the program as a
bond condition; it is very similar to the one in Anchorage. It
takes 45 seconds to test and Anchorage could handle 100 people.
South Dakota has done 20,000 tests since 2005 and Anchorage has
done 1,450 tests; 1,448 have been successful, a 99 percent
success rate (same as South Dakota). Sixty percent show up on
time.
One of Ms. McCabe's slides showed a study showing a direct
correlation between motor vehicle fatalities and 24/7
participation.
2:05:44 PM
CHAIR FRENCH thanked Ms. McCabe for the interesting presentation
and introduced Barb Henjum and Dean Williams.
2:06:51 PM
BARB HENJUM, Director, Division of Juvenile Justice, Department
of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, AK, said she would
focus on trends, successes and challenges. The mission of her
division is three-pronged: accountability for action, promotion
of safety and restoration of victims, and developing skills in
the offenders and their families to prevent crime.
CHAIR FRENCH asked the age range of the youth in the justice
system.
MS. HENJUM replied they get referrals on kids as young as age
three although statute does not have a lower limit. Generally
they are 14-15 years old and the majority of court orders expire
on the 19th birthday. A few remain with DJJ until their 20th
birthday due to plea agreements.
CHAIR FRENCH observed that a fairly large cohort go straight to
the adult system.
MS. HENJUM said referrals to her division have trended down in
the last 10 years. This means fewer kids referred to juvenile
probation offices and fewer admissions to detention units. There
has been less change in the Nome and Kotzebue area and in
Southeast Alaska.
Anecdotally, the referrals now are "higher needs kids." DJJ used
to get a broader range and that's what they should be dealing
with.
CHAIR FRENCH asked what percentage of youth are incarcerated and
what percentage are at home with DJJ involvement.
MS. HENJUM said she'd follow up with specific figures.
CHAIR FRENCH said most people think of youth services as being
McLaughlin Youth Center, but that is probably a small sliver.
MS. HENJUM said a majority of kids in her care are in the
community. But the absence of crime is only one measure of
whether they are doing what is needed for the kids. She is proud
that kids who complete juvenile probation supervision have a
recidivism rate of 23 percent, but she is more proud that last
year 34 kids in the juvenile facilities statewide received a
high school diploma. The challenge is that when working with
kids you are responsible not only for the prevention of crime,
but the positive development of the youth.
She said the division has worked on utilizing evidence-based
interventions like appropriate screening through the youth level
of service, aggression replacement training in all the long-term
programs, cognitive behavior therapy, and youth court, among
others.
CHAIR FRENCH asked her to comment on cognitive behavioral
treatment.
MS. HENJUM explained that cognitive behavioral work involves
interventions that help the youth learn that how they think
directly impacts how they behave. It helps them reason and
manage situations that require making good choices - how to use
moral reason to see if it's a good choice or a bad choice. It
challenges thought patterns that obviously are there.
It's challenging in Alaska to duplicate evidence-based programs
that are working in other places, because they are often
validated on populations very different than here. Alaska has
small numbers of kids and families that are spread out a lot
more, and there is the question of cultural response to
interventions that were validated on a group of white kids from
Georgia. DJJ will often talk about evidence-informed solutions,
trying to take the essence of what the research said was
important and try to duplicate that here.
CHAIR FRENCH asked where DJJ's incarceration centers are
located.
MS. HENJUM replied that there are eight facilities; four have
just detention and four have both detention and long-term
treatment. The largest is in Anchorage, the McLaughlin Youth
Center, followed by the Fairbanks Youth Facility, the Johnson
Center in Juneau, and the Bethel Youth Facility. The Ketchikan
Regional Youth Facility, the Kenai Peninsula Youth Facility, the
Nome Youth Facility and the Mat-Su Youth Facility are solely
detention facilities.
2:17:47 PM
CHAIR FRENCH asked if all eight facilities are needed if the
overall youth crime rate is declining.
MS. HENJUM replied the challenge is to meet the needs of kids
statewide and a facility costs almost the same whether it has
capacity numbers or not. And moving kids closer to their
families and communities is good for both the youths and their
families and that is the push nationwide even though it is more
expensive.
2:19:03 PM
She highlighted the trauma informed care project at McLaughlin
and the compelling research on the role of trauma. Two units are
at Dean's facility; one is a detention unit and one is a long-
term treatment unit that had very challenging behaviors. DJJ
instituted a trauma informed care pilot project and has already
seen significant reductions in use of restraints and incidence
of assault. The expectation is to expand to more facilities
statewide.
CHAIR FRENCH said an article in the New York Times related that
a child's brain can be damaged in the womb.
MS. HENJUM highlighted that the division embraces results-based
accountability and is working on five performance measures:
Alaska Native recidivism, behavioral health recidivism,
substance abuse, education and employment, and overall
recidivism.
2:22:03 PM
MS. HENJUM said it continues to be a challenge to evaluate
programs and efforts; DJJ is working to expand its quality
assurance efforts.
She said the Legislature's invitation asked what it can do to
help and the commissioner often says "to get the right service
for the right person at the right time." She interprets that to
imply integration into services at not just the department
level, but across other service providers not within the state.
She said DJJ enjoys a good relationship with other criminal
justice agencies; the Criminal Justice Working Group has been
important in bringing common issues together and resolving them.
DJJ is also a member of the governor's domestic violence and
sexual assault initiative and appreciates the focus on the
issues that are so critical to the kids in their care. It has
led to some joint training efforts, better data collection and
hopefully for additional support for evidence-based programs.
2:24:49 PM
DEAN WILLIAMS, Superintendent, McLaughlin Youth Center, Division
of Juvenile Justice, Department of Health and Social Services,
described the genesis of the Step Up program for
expelled/suspended youth. The goal is to save the diploma, keep
them off the street, connect them to a job and treatment if
needed. The stats are promising.
A need is continued will for the continuation of the program,
with replication in other areas of the state.
2:32:10 PM
SENATOR COGHILL asked the issues for getting the youth from
school to the program.
MR. WILLIAMS replied loopholes allow exchange of information,
but there is a bureaucratic mindset of doing things a particular
way.
2:33:54 PM
CHAIR FRENCH summarized the responses he got from the public
about the number one crime problem in Alaska.
· Alcohol-fueled violence, no particular solution.
· Decriminalize drugs - mostly marijuana for nonviolent
offenders, saving millions of dollars and freeing up the
legal system to focus on people who are actually a danger
to society.
· Be creative with crime prevention and enforcement programs;
hire more law enforcement officers, pay them well and
provide attractive benefits.
· Provide swift and hard justice.
He said a most thoughtful response came from a former rural
Alaska judge. He wrote:
The number one crime issue in this part of rural
Alaska is that it is generational. The children of
criminals and victims are much more likely than others
to offend in the future. The good news is that in
small villages it is relatively easy to identify these
families. The bad news is that a significant number
have fetal alcohol syndrome disorder and are not easy
to help. But the state should double fund the Office
of Children's Services and offer a variety of programs
for those with alcohol and mental health issues,
intervening much earlier than is now occurring.
Facilities offering structure and guidance should be
created throughout the state and correctional
facilities should be located in regional hubs so that
offenders could have contact with their families and
take advantage of local program.
SENATOR COGHILL said the alcohol problem shows itself
repeatedly. He thanked the chair for bringing the many voices to
the table. A resounding theme is the public private partnerships
and difficulty in communication. Hopefully things will get
better and better. One of the toughest issues will be getting
communities involved in justice. Mr. Monigan's suggestion
appears to be a good way to navigate the problem. Having local
communities sit in on local issues reaches into every agency
that is participating.
2:41:24 PM
SENATOR PASKVAN said he agrees with the idea of community
courts. Mr. Jesse's statistic that 42 percent of inmates are
trust beneficiaries was startling. The points regarding issues
of housing, education, and dental health care were well made.
The presentations overall were excellent.
SENATOR WIELECHOWSKI said the professionals in this state are
amazing and he continues to be struck by the impacts of drug and
alcohol abuse, mental health issues, and domestic violence. He
said he is heartened that there is increased interest in
evidence-based solutions; there is a foundation in place and he
looks forward to building on it.
2:45:00 PM
CHAIR FRENCH thanked his thanks his staff and the participants
that took time from busy schedules to come to Juneau. He
emphasized the importance of talking on a regular basis; the
first crime summit was four years ago, this is the second, and
hopefully there will be another on in 2016.
He said it will take some time to digest this friendly avalanche
of information. While there is no clear solution at this time,
it will involve four things: information, collaboration,
incremental change across a broad spectrum of arenas, and
willpower. Senator French stated, "I'm a firm believer that we
can change the world; we're going to do it working together."
2:46:12 PM
There being no further business to come before the committee,
Chair French adjourned the Senate Judiciary Standing Committee
hearing at 2:46 p.m.
| Document Name | Date/Time | Subjects |
|---|---|---|
| STAR Presentation.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
STAR Presentation |
| Courts Presentation Page 1.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
Courts Presentation Page 1 |
| Courts Presentation Page 2.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
Courts Presentatino Page 2 |
| Courts Presentation Page 3.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
Courts Presentation Page 3 |
| Courts Presentation Page 4.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
Courts Presentation Page 4 |
| Walt Monegan Presentation.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
Alaska Native Justice Center Presentation |
| PSEA Presentation.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
PSEA Presentation |
| DOC Presentation.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
DOC Presentation |
| Partners for Progress Pages 1-3.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
Partners for Progress Pages 1-3 |
| Partners for Progress Page 4.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
Partners for Progress Page 4 |
| Partners for Progress Page 5.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
Partners for Progress Page 5 |
| Partners for Progress Page 6.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
Partners for Progress Page 6 |
| Partners for Progress Presentation.pdf |
SJUD 1/25/2012 8:30:00 AM |
Partners for Progress Presentation |