Legislature(2013 - 2014)BARNES 124
02/27/2013 08:00 AM House ENERGY
| Audio | Topic |
|---|---|
| Start | |
| Presentation(s): the All Alaska Energy Solution | |
| Presentation(s): Alaska's Energy and Air Quality Crisis | |
| Adjourn |
* first hearing in first committee of referral
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE
HOUSE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON ENERGY
February 27, 2013
8:05 a.m.
MEMBERS PRESENT
Representative Doug Isaacson, Co-Chair
Representative Charisse Millett, Co-Chair
Representative Neal Foster
Representative Pete Higgins
Representative Shelley Hughes
Representative Benjamin Nageak
MEMBERS ABSENT
Representative Andy Josephson
OTHER LEGISLATORS PRESENT
Representative Lance Pruitt
COMMITTEE CALENDAR
PRESENTATION(S): THE ALL ALASKA ENERGY SOLUTION
- HEARD
PRESENTATION(S): ALASKA'S ENERGY AND AIR QUALITY CRISIS
- HEARD
PREVIOUS COMMITTEE ACTION
No previous action to record
WITNESS REGISTER
MEERA KOHLER, President and CEO
Alaska Village Electric Cooperative Inc. (AVEC)
Anchorage, Alaska
POSITION STATEMENT: Provided a PowerPoint presentation on the
All Alaska Energy Solution.
ROBERT JACOBSEN, Ph.D
Vice President Science & Technology
Marsh Creek LLC
McLean, Virginia
POSITION STATEMENT: Answered a question during the presentation
on the All Alaska Energy Solution.
REPRESENTATIVE TAMMIE WILSON
Alaska State Legislature
Juneau, Alaska
POSITION STATEMENT: Provided introductory remarks prior to the
presentation by the Alaska Resource Agency.
WARD SATTLER, President
Alaska Resource Agency (ARA)
Fairbanks, Alaska
POSITION STATEMENT: Provided a PowerPoint presentation
entitled, "Sustainable Renewable Resource Solutions for Interior
Alaska's Energy & Air Quality Crisis."
JAMES HOUCK, Ph.D
Independent Consultant; Professor Air Quality
University of Portland
Portland, Oregon
POSITION STATEMENT: Provided a PowerPoint presentation
entitled, "Wood Heater Change Outs - A Reality Check."
ACTION NARRATIVE
8:05:22 AM
CO-CHAIR CHARISSE MILLETT called the House Special Committee on
Energy meeting to order at 8:05 a.m. Representatives Foster,
Higgins, Hughes, Isaacson, Nageak, and Millett were present at
the call to order.
^PRESENTATION(s): THE ALL ALASKA ENERGY SOLUTION
PRESENTATION(s): THE ALL ALASKA ENERGY SOLUTION
8:06:29 AM
CO-CHAIR MILLETT announced that the first order of business
would be a presentation on the All Alaska Energy Solution by
Meera Kohler.
8:06:36 AM
MEERA KOHLER, President and CEO, Alaska Village Electric
Cooperative Inc. (AVEC), informed the committee AVEC is a
nonprofit electric utility that serves 55 villages primarily in
Western Alaska. Since its inception in 1968, AVEC has been
searching for solutions for rural Alaska, and the presentation
is about a solution that addresses all of Alaska's energy needs.
Ms. Kohler recalled the genesis for this project came from a
study group formed by [Commonwealth North, Anchorage, Alaska]
that looked at the challenges to a sustainable energy future,
specifically for rural Alaska. She pointed out that Alaska's
rural communities and the Interior pay the highest energy prices
in the nation even though Alaska is an energy-producing state.
The average cost of AVEC's delivered fuel cost has increased
from $1.29 in 2002 to $4.03 in 2012, which is an increase of 311
percent [slide 3]. The real challenge for Alaska is the cost of
heating a home. The study group's first finding is that Alaska
needs a statewide energy vision, plan, and pathway to completion
[slide 4]. The second finding is that Alaska needs to develop
grids because that would enable economies of scale, efficiencies
of generation, reduce redundancies in infrastructure, and
integrate alternative energy projects [slide 5]. The third
finding is that the dependency on diesel fuel must be reduced
[slide 6]. The fourth finding is that a single statewide entity
could coordinate energy generation and transmission issues for
the entire state [slide 7]. The fifth finding is to ensure
high-value investments and to provide a "one stop shop" for
permitting and regulators [slide 8]. The final finding is to
eliminate the need for Power Cost Equalization (PCE) [slide 9].
8:10:58 AM
MS. KOHLER estimated that $3 billion per year is spent on
energy. Over 20 years, the total is $60 billion, which would
pay for very significant improvements in the cost of energy
[slide 10]. Alaska's energy problem is: rural communities use
diesel for almost all of their energy needs; Fairbanks uses
diesel, wood, and coal for a portion of its electrical
generation and heating, contributing to its air quality problem;
Southcentral is running out of gas and faces an imminent crisis;
and industry is languishing without affordable energy; and
energy is scarce and expensive [slide 11]. On the other hand,
Alaska has 235 trillion cubic feet (tcf) of stranded natural gas
on the North Slope, and with the market price of natural gas
decreased throughout the world it makes sense to use that gas to
benefit Alaskans [slide 12]. The proposed solution is as
follows: very large scale generation of natural gas on the
North Slope and high voltage direct current (HVDC) lines forming
a backbone transmission grid around the state. With this
concept there would be abundant power for North Slope
operations, Fairbanks and other Railbelt communities, remote
mines, processors, and heat and electricity for rural
communities [slide 13]. Ms. Kohler explained that HVDC is a
technology not used in Alaska, but that is used everywhere else
in the world. It has been used since the 1950s and has advanced
today to cost-effectively transmit very large loads of power
long and short distances [slide 14]. For example, for the Three
Gorges project in China it would take five high voltage
alternating current (HVAC) towers with three wires each to move
6.0 gigawatts (GW) of power, but only two HVDC towers with two
wires each. Other advantages of HVDC are that the power moves
independently on each line, a smaller right of way is required,
and there a big difference in capacity [slide 15]. The Pacific
Intertie has been in operation since 1985 and is a 3.0 GW HVDC
line connecting California to Washington State that moves power
south in summer and north in winter. Furthermore, in 2010 a
1,300 mile HVDC line was installed in China that moves 6.4 GW of
power [slide 16].
8:17:56 AM
CO-CHAIR MILLETT asked how much power is lost over long
distances.
MS. KOHLER responded that power losses are equivalent to those
of a gas pipeline, and there are no reactive problems. In
further response to Co-Chair Millett, she said any transmission
grid, whether alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC),
allows for the admission of renewables.
REPRESENTATIVE FOSTER asked whether renewables would be
competitive against natural gas.
MS. KOHLER advised renewables will always be needed because they
are emissions free and are cost effective on a large scale.
REPRESENTATIVE NAGEAK asked if transmission grids in California
follow highways or cross remote areas.
MS. KOHLER assumed the Lower 48 does not have access issues;
however, remote construction of large-scale HVDC is common in
Canada.
8:22:18 AM
ROBERT JACOBSEN, Ph.D, Vice President Science & Technology,
Marsh Creek LLC, added that Canada has multiple lines 500 or 600
miles across tundra and geography similar to Alaska, and with
similar winter conditions. The remote systems are reliable and
are designed so that any necessary maintenance is done by
helicopters.
REPRESENTATIVE HIGGINS heard HVDC has a 3 percent to 5 percent
line loss per 1,000 miles. He asked how much gas the proposed
plant would use and how long it would be viable.
MS. KOHLER estimated the life of a large scale gas generator is
about 15-20 years and overhauls extend that estimate. There are
existing gas plants in the Lower 48 that are several decades
old. In response to Representative Hughes, she said HVDC
transmission was not used much in the 1950s because it was more
expensive to convert the power from AC to DC. Advances in
microprocessor technology have made this process more economic.
In further response to Representative Hughes, she said the cost
of a DC substation is still higher; however, the key issue with
HVDC is the capability to move large amounts of power long
distances.
8:29:12 AM
CO-CHAIR ISAACSON asked whether an underutilized HVDC line is
efficient.
MS. KOHLER acknowledged this is a "chicken and the egg
[situation]" in that the demand load does not exist because of
the lack of affordable energy. She expressed disappointment
that the [Donlin Gold LLC] project is planning to import
liquefied natural gas (LNG) from British Columbia for 360 MW of
power over the next 10 years. These potential base loads, such
as those in the NANA Region, the Ambler mining district, and
others, will not develop until there is available affordable
energy, nor will value-added industry and its accompanying jobs.
CO-CHAIR ISAACSON asked whether the state can justify spending
money to supply large loads of power without established
partnerships with - and commitments from - industry.
MS. KOHLER said the state must build for the future as did the
telephone industry. The advantage of building HVDC is that cost
does not increase dramatically to build a 2+ GW capacity line.
In addition, the generation plants are modular and can always be
expanded when necessary. An economic analysis will show the
existing load statewide at this time is 6.5 billion kilowatt
hours (kWh) per year; however, she characterized this as a
"phantom load" that is not an accurate reflection of the true
load, therefore, the project is attractive to industry and will
be built mostly by electric utilities.
CO-CHAIR ISAACSON asked whether more line loss occurs if the
line capacity is beyond what is needed.
8:35:22 AM
DR. JACOBSEN responded that line loss drops to about 10 percent
of what the line is rated. In further response to
Representative Isaacson, he said a smaller load is used
efficiently and effectively.
CO-CHAIR MILLETT clarified that this project is not in
competition with a gas pipeline.
8:37:07 AM
MS. KOHLER provided examples of the use of HVDC technology. The
Norway Offshore HVDC Light Project transmits 78 MW of power 182
miles via a submersible cable [slide 17]. An undersea HVDC
cable between Estonia and Finland provides a successful
connection [slide 18]. She advised that large scale 300 MW to
450 MW generators are high efficiency and would handle
aggregated loads for Alaska. Also, the cost of installation
decreases as the size of the generator increases [slide 19].
The first part of the project proposes a line from a 1.0 GW
generation station at the North Slope through the Railbelt and
to Anchorage via a 2.0 GW transmission line [slide 20]. The
cost of the power plant is estimated at $1.25 billion, the cost
of the power line is estimated at $1.86 billion, and the cost of
the converter stations is estimated at $600 million. It is
assumed the system will operate at [85] percent capacity for 30
years at 7 percent. This results in a wholesale delivered cost
of power of about $0.09 per kWh. She pointed out that more than
half of the cost is the capital cost of the line [slide 21].
When comparing the cost of using electricity for heat, at $5 per
gallon, diesel used in an 80 percent efficient furnace costs the
equivalent of $0.163 per kWh. A 2.5 GW gas-fired power plant on
the North Slope could deliver an equal amount of energy for
$0.065 per kWh [slide 22]. Another proposal was for a 500-mile
transmission line to Fairbanks that with a capital cost
investment of $4 billion, results in an estimated cost of $0.65
per kWh [slides 23 and 24]. Extending the line west 600 miles
to the NANA and Norton Sound regions is estimated to cost an
additional $1 billion for a 200 MW line. The delivered power
would cost about $0.15 per kWh, and a reduction in cost is
expected with increased demand on the line [slides 25-27].
8:42:05 AM
MS. KOHLER concluded that HVDC is as reliable as AC, although
the proposal does not exclude gas generation stations located
around the state where practical [slide 28]. The proposal would
make a significant step to reduce greenhouse gases and
emissions, thereby reducing emissions by high percentages [slide
29]. On the critical question of whether the project competes
with a gas pipeline, she indicated that the 2.5 GW project would
use 113 billion cubic feet of natural gas per year thus in a 30-
year life cycle would use 3.4 tcf of gas, which is 1.5 percent
of the total known reserves of gas on the North Slope [slide
30]. In summary, HVDC transmission can be used to interconnect
the state to deliver low-cost power to industry, the military,
processors, residents, and community buildings. It can further
eliminate PCE, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and provide for
value-added products made in Alaska [slide 31].
8:44:22 AM
REPRESENTATIVE HUGHES asked Ms. Kohler for her first
recommendation for action by the committee.
MS. KOHLER suggested that the committee focus on how to
actualize the state's energy policy in a way that is achievable
in the foreseeable future. The proposed project could be built
in five years; the generation is "out of the box" technology and
the expertise to build the transmission lines is available
locally. Although construction of the converter stations would
take outside means, there are international firms familiar with
this specific project.
REPRESENTATIVE HUGHES asked whether a single statewide entity is
necessary to develop a solution.
8:46:18 AM
MS. KOHLER suggested there should be a study of the concept used
in the Lower 48, which is that the utilities typically do not
generate power, but purchase power from the grid as members and
owners of a generation and transmission (G&T) organization.
Thus, individual utilities do not develop their own local grids
in isolation, but as members of a large organization. For
example, in Alaska the Alaska Industrial Development and Export
Authority (AIDEA), Department of Commerce, Community & Economic
Development, could serve this purpose.
8:47:41 AM
REPRESENTATIVE FOSTER asked Ms. Kohler to address access to
land.
MS. KOHLER said this is an issue that needs to be addressed in
partnership with the state. The proposed project should be
appealing to the federal government; however, the routes will be
studied with the possibility of burying cable underground if
necessary.
REPRESENTATIVE FOSTER said as a rural legislator, he would like
to not rely on PCE because that would be good for the state
overall, and because PCE is susceptible to economics.
MS. KOHLER agreed that cuts to the PCE program have been painful
for rural residents. As an aside, she noted that the Alaska
Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC), Department of Revenue,
reported that the state spends $640 million per year to power
state buildings.
8:52:30 AM
REPRESENTATIVE NAGEAK asked whether this project would eliminate
some other energy projects.
MS. KOHLER assumed the construction of the [Susitna-Watana Hydro
project] which would be an alternative generation source
distanced from the North Slope. She pointed out that the HVDC
transmission lines proposed by this project can be used to
transmit hydropower to market, and for other sources as well.
Furthermore, as resources are identified across the state,
markets will be spread further apart.
REPRESENTATIVE HUGHES asked whether private industry has
expressed interest in this project.
MS. KOHLER said yes.
REPRESENTATIVE HIGGINS recalled past conversions from all-
electric homes because of fluctuating prices. He expressed
concern about gas as the state's main source of energy because
the oil and gas industry control the price.
MS. KOHLER stated the intent at the outset is to have long-term
contracts for gas. Gas is a commodity subject to supply and
demand and because of the plentiful supply of gas the price will
be low for a long time.
8:57:52 AM
The committee took an at-ease from 8:57 a.m. to 9:04 a.m.
9:04:09 AM
^PRESENTATION(s): ALASKA'S ENERGY AND AIR QUALITY CRISIS
PRESENTATION(s): ALASKA'S ENERGY AND AIR QUALITY CRISIS
9:04:20 AM
CO-CHAIR MILLETT announced that the next order of business would
be a presentation on Alaska's Energy and Air Quality Crisis by
the Alaska Resource Agency.
9:04:32 AM
REPRESENTATIVE TAMMIE WILSON, Alaska State Legislature, informed
the committee that Fairbanks is currently a U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) fine particle (PM 2.5) nonattainment
area for particulate matter from wood smoke and other
pollutants. This status creates barriers to the growth of the
area and, in response, the community has established wood stove
change out programs and installed pollution-control devices.
The presentation will discuss other efforts to reach the
community's goal for cleaner air; however, without natural gas
the EPA limits cannot be reached - even though replacing wood
and coal heating systems with cleaner units is beneficial.
9:06:12 AM
WARD SATTLER, President, Alaska Resource Agency (ARA), gave a
short history of his experiences in Alaska. He said air quality
is a serious problem in Fairbanks and North Pole although it was
worse in the '60s and '70s. At that time air pollution was
caused by automobile exhaust, and the problem was moderated by
EPA mandates requiring catalytic converters on cars. Now the
cause of poor air quality is that the price of energy is high
and residents have returned to wood stove use for home heating.
Mr. Sattler explained how carbon particles and highly injurious
chemical compounds bond with water vapor when there is an
inversion layer in cold weather. Nothing can be done about the
inversion layer, but new technology has led to wood stoves that
do not produce troublesome particulates and today's outdoor
wood-fired boilers burn cleaner. The goal of ARA is to advance
sustainable and renewable resource solutions for Interior Alaska
[slide 2]. Large-scale energy projects to reduce the cost of
energy have been proposed, but completion remains over a decade
away, and innovative, cost-effective solutions are needed now
for clean heat and power to improve the quality of life and
emphasize the use of Alaska's vast renewable biomass resources.
He provided an inventory of residential heating devices
indicating that inefficient and antiquated appliances have led
to serious air quality problems [slide 3].
9:14:24 AM
CO-CHAIR MILLETT asked whether EPA shut down two outdoor wood
boilers recently.
MR. SATTLER said that is a legal question. He returned to the
presentation and pointed out that wood-burning stoves give the
Fairbanks area some of the worst pollution in the U.S. He
restated that large energy projects are years away from
completion, including the expansion of the Fairbanks North Star
Borough Gas Distribution System.
CO-CHAIR ISAACSON surmised building a gas pipeline would take
until 2021, but not the gas trucking project.
MR. SATTLER was unsure how fast the trucking project would
develop. While the Interior waits for gas the future is
jeopardized for Eielson Air Force Base, Army Post Fort
Wainwright, federal transportation funds, businesses, the
housing market, and public health. He suggested the cost-
effective solution is a new infrastructure for biomass
utilization [slide 7]. Alaska Resource Agency has addressed the
interim energy and air quality problem by administering field
and research and development projects such as the Air Quality
Attainment (AQA) project, which seeks to identify pollution
sources in sensitive areas, inform homeowners of possible
upgrades to appliances, perform upgrades, teach homeowners best
burn practices, and replace uncertified or defective wood
stoves. Since September 2012, ARA has inspected and maintained
appliances, installed appliances, inspected outdoor wood
boilers, installed pollution control devices, and replaced five
large outdoor wood boilers [slide 8].
9:19:11 AM
REPRESENTATIVE NAGEAK asked how the recent accomplishments were
financed.
MR. SATTLER answered the AQA program was paid for by a state
grant.
9:20:02 AM
JAMES HOUCK, Ph.D, informed the committee he is an independent
consultant on energy and environmental issues and an adjunct
professor at the University of Portland in air quality. He
provided a PowerPoint presentation entitled, "Wood Heater Change
Outs - A Reality Check." Dr. Houck said the most important
benefit of a "change out" to a new wood heating system is to
improve health. Secondly, change outs will contribute to the
goal of attainment of federal fine particulate standards. Also,
modern appliances produce less creosote, which is associated
with chimney fires, and are safer and more efficient units
[slide 1]. In fact, EPA has certified many cordwood stoves and
inserts. In response to Representative Nageak, he confirmed
that cordwood is the fuel under discussion.
9:23:56 AM
DR. HOUCK further advised that there are also wood stoves that
are designed to fit into the cavities of existing fireplaces and
that are certified by EPA. A listing of all EPA-certified
appliances is available on its web site, Burn Wise. For outdoor
boilers - also known as hydronic heaters - EPA developed a
voluntary program and the results of tested values are available
online [slide 2]. All pellet stoves, inserts, and furnaces, are
clean burning when compared with wood burning devices. In
addition, there are EPA qualified fireplaces. Masonry heaters
are all clean burning but are very expensive. Dr. Houck
estimated that there are 28 million existing fireplaces which
could be improved with retrofit appliances [slide 3]. A chart
compiled of a variety of national phone surveys taken from 1987
to 2010, indicated that 35 percent of wood heaters are currently
certified [slide 4]. Returning to the issue of health, he
explained that pollutants from wood combustion are products of
incomplete combustion: carbon monoxide; respirable particles;
and volatile organic compounds (VOC) that are toxic and
carcinogenic [slide 5]. Residential wood combustion also causes
a higher exposure to humans than manufacturing because chimneys
are not very high, and this concentration is dangerous to the
very young and the very old, as is exposure indoors in
residential settings [slides 6 and 7]. Dr. Houck directed
attention to a diagram of the origin of air emissions,
explaining that burning 1 kilogram (kg) of wood requires 7.3 kg
of air which is expelled as air emissions and ash [slide 8].
Air emissions from complete combustion consist of water and
carbon dioxide. Air emissions from incomplete combustion
consist of carbon monoxide, VOCs, and particles [slide 9].
9:37:07 AM
DR. HOUCK then provided a list of Conventional Uncertified Wood
Heater Title III Hazardous Air Pollutants [slide 11]. Replacing
an uncertified stove with a non-catalytic certified stove
provides a reduction in emissions of about 68 percent in
particles; however, when the savings in fuel is factored in, the
reduction in emissions becomes 71 percent [slide 12].
Furthermore, certified wood stoves have continued to improve in
efficiency by 19.6 percent, and outdoor wood boilers too have
improved dramatically [slides 13 and 14]. Returning to the
problems in Fairbanks, he said Fairbanks is a federal
nonattainment area for fine particles under two standards: 24-
hour standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter or annual
standard of 12 micrograms per cubic meter [slide 15]. He
provided a map of the nonattainment area, pointing out that many
monitors are needed for an accurate reading [slide 16].
9:41:45 AM
CO-CHAIR MILLETT asked how many monitors are posted in the area.
REPRESENTATIVE T. WILSON gave the location of monitors in the
Fairbanks and North Pole areas, and said there is a mobile
monitor that reports existing conditions to a web site.
DR. HOUCK opined the real health issue in Fairbanks is not due
to the annual standard of exposure, but of episodic exposure; in
fact, about 30 episodes occurred during the winter of 2009-2010
where the air quality exceeded the 24-hour standard. Acute
exposure causes asthma attacks and other health emergencies.
CO-CHAIR ISAACSON surmised that if fuel costs were low residents
would not burn wood, and that would improve the air quality.
DR. HOUCK stressed the influence of meteorology, temperature,
and growth.
CO-CHAIR ISAACSON, as a resident, has witnessed an increase in
the use of wood heating systems.
9:45:45 AM
DR. HOUCK provided a summary of statistics for the Fairbanks
State Office Building that indicated the annual design value was
met in 2009 by a small margin [slide 18]. He opined wood heater
change outs will reduce the frequency of 24-hour standard
noncompliance, will help the annual standard, and may help with
the carbon monoxide maintenance area in downtown Fairbanks
[slide 19]. Dr. Houck directed attention to cost savings due to
increased efficiency, and presented an example of a change from
five cords of wood burned in an uncertified stove, which saved
at least $283 per year when replaced with a certified stove, and
at least $344 per year when replaced with a certified catalytic
stove [slide 21]. Between 2005 and 2008, a successful community
change out took place in Libby, Montana, which has some weather
and geographic similarities to Fairbanks [slides 22-24]. The
change out happened during three heating seasons and about 1,100
stoves were replaced [slide 25]. A summary showed that in 2004-
2005 there were six instances of 24-hour noncompliance in Libby,
in 2007-2008 there was one, and after four years there were none
[slides 26]. In response to Co-Chair Isaacson, he said
continued study for five years leveled the meteorological
effects [slide 27].
DR. HOUCK, turning to economics, said an economic advantage of
heating with wood is that many people cut their own firewood
[slide 28]. Finally, he compared three households using
approximately 115 million British thermal units (Btu) during one
heating season. The cost of heating by electricity was $7,415,
by fuel oil was $3,316, and by an outdoor wood boiler system was
$1,375 [slide 29].
REPRESENTATIVE T. WILSON pointed out action is necessary for
Fairbanks now because the area has been given deadlines by EPA.
In a plan required by EPA, Fairbanks has cited pollution control
devices and change outs to reduce air pollution, but Fairbanks
and surrounding areas need a different source of energy, and gas
is better for air quality and price.
REPRESENTATIVE FOSTER asked for the consequence of not meeting
federal requirements.
REPRESENTATIVE T. WILSON understood the Fairbanks North Star
Borough could lose federal highway transportation funding.
REPRESENTATIVE HUGHES asked whether health data is indicative.
REPRESENTATIVE T. WILSON said health data will be provided. She
reminded the committee that residents are not "burning poorly."
9:58:01 AM
REPRESENTATIVE HIGGINS asked what the changes were in Montana.
DR. HOUCK explained that wood burning was only allowed in
certified devices or pellet stoves in the City of Libby or in
Lincoln County, Montana. Most changes were from an uncertified
wood stove to a certified wood stove.
REPRESENTATIVE T. WILSON advised that the City of Libby provided
and installed the stoves.
9:59:46 AM
ADJOURNMENT
There being no further business before the committee, the House
Special Committee on Energy meeting was adjourned at 9:59 a.m.
| Document Name | Date/Time | Subjects |
|---|---|---|
| Agenda (H) ENE 02272013.docx |
HENE 2/27/2013 8:00:00 AM |
(H) ENE Agenda 02272013 |
| All Alaska Plan Kohler 02272013.pdf |
HENE 2/27/2013 8:00:00 AM |
(H) ENE All AK Energy Solution 02272013 |
| Houck Presentation AK Resource Agency 02272013.pdf |
HENE 2/27/2013 8:00:00 AM |
(H) ENE AK Resource Agency 02272013 |