Legislature(2005 - 2006)HOUSE FINANCE 519
04/25/2006 01:30 PM House FINANCE
| Audio | Topic |
|---|---|
| Start | |
| SB250 | |
| SB20 | |
| HB386 | |
| SB261 | |
| Adjourn |
* first hearing in first committee of referral
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
| + | HB 386 | TELECONFERENCED | |
| + | SB 250 | TELECONFERENCED | |
| + | SB 20 | TELECONFERENCED | |
| + | SB 261 | TELECONFERENCED | |
| + | TELECONFERENCED |
CS FOR SENATE BILL NO. 20(2d JUD)
An Act relating to offenses against unborn children.
SENATOR FRED DYSON, SPONSOR, stated that several high
profile cases from across the Nation have highlighted the
need for laws protecting unborn victims of criminal
violence. Currently, thirty states provide some degree of
protection for unborn victims of violence. Many legal
challenges have been brought against unborn victim laws,
based on Roe versus Wade and other arguments, but state and
federal courts have rejected all those challenges.
SB 20 amends the Alaska Criminal Code to afford protection
to an unborn child at a level that is reasonably equivalent
to protection afforded to live born persons in comparable
circumstances. Nothing in law shall apply to legal abortion
or to usual and customary medical practices related to
pregnancy. The bill also defines "unborn child" within
criminal statues.
Senator Dyson continued in 2004, U.S. Congress passed the
Unborn Victims of Violence Act and President Bush signed
that bill into federal law. The law recognizes that when a
person attacks a pregnant woman and injures or kills the
unborn, the attacker has harmed two victims. It was
narrowly drafted and only applies when death or injury of an
unborn child is the result of a federal crime. The federal
act does not supersede State unborn victim laws, nor does it
impose such a state law on a state, like Alaska that has not
yet acted. Thirty-two states currently have legislation
protecting unborn children.
Senator Dyson said that pregnant women who have been harmed
by violence, and their families, know that there are two
victims, the mother and the unborn child, and that both
victims should be protected by law. Pregnant women are
already protected by the Alaska Criminal Code. SB 20
affords similar protection to unborn victims.
Senator Dyson pointed out that the bill had been restored to
the original House Judiciary Committee version.
2:01:23 PM
Co-Chair Meyer inquired if Senator Dyson had seen the
amendments. Senator Dyson replied he was only aware of the
amendment brought forward by Representative Kelly. Co-Chair
Meyer pointed out two other amendments proposed by
Representative Kerttula; Representative Weyhrauch added
changes proposed by the Christian Science fellowship.
2:02:32 PM
BEVERLY SMITH, ALASKA CHRISTIAN SCIENCE COMMITTEE ON
PUBLICATIONS FOR ALASKA, stated that her role was to monitor
legislation in order that Alaskans are offered the option to
pursue spiritual means for the prevention and cure of
disease. She stated that the Christian Science Committee
proposes two amendments to SB 20.
1. Proposed Section 11.41.180 on Page 3 and proposed
Section 11.41.289 on Page 4 have to do with
conditions under, which the previously stated
sections for murder & assault of the unborn child do
not apply. The Christian Science Committee would
like reliance on spiritual treatment by an
accredited Christian Science practitioner to be
included in the conditions. Customary medical care
is included and there should be an accommodation for
spiritual treatment as there is in several other
Alaska Statutes and in 45 states statutes.
2. For over a century, many parents have successfully
relied on Christian Science treatment and healing
for the health & well being of themselves and their
children. It has proved to be a reliable &
effective means for preventing and curing disease &
Alaskans should be given the option to continue such
practices.
2:07:14 PM
CLOVER SIMON, CEO-PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF ALASKA, ANCHORAGE,
stated that Planned Parenthood supports the "intent" of SB
20, regarding violence against women who are pregnant, which
results in the loss of a wanted pregnancy. That is the
reason why Planned Parenthood continues to work for an
"Enhanced Penalty" solution in the bill.
Ms. Simon claimed that SB 20 is the first step toward
eroding a women's reproductive rights & choices. SB 20 lays
a foundation by giving separate and equal rights to embryos
and fetuses. If enacted, SB 20 would be the first Alaskan
law to recognize an embryo as a fetus that could be a
person, experiencing a crime independently. That intent
will erode a woman's right to choose. She urged that
members look at a solution of enhanced penalties in order to
add a measure of protection for a woman and a measure of
punishment for the abuser.
2:09:03 PM
Representative Kerttula inquired if similar concerns had
been noted in other states. Ms. Simon understood that in
some places, women were being prosecuted, when considering
"child protection".
2:10:00 PM
KARI ROBINSON, ATTORNEY-ALASKA NETWORK ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
AND SEXUAL ASSAULT (ANDVSA), testified against SB 20. She
noted concern with the unintended consequences of the bill.
Women have been charged with crimes in states with similar
legislation. Additionally, women could die if they do not
receive prompt medical care after injuries when pregnant or
miscarrying. If SB 20 is passed, a women might be less
likely to seek protection. She urged that the focus be put
back on the woman, keeping her safe, which keeps the fetus
safe. Ms. Robinson encouraged consideration of enhanced
penalties and/or insurance aggregators. She urged that the
legislation be tabled in House Finance Committee.
2:11:49 PM
Representative Weyhrauch asked which provision of the bill
addressed unintended consequences for a women experiencing
domestic violence and sexual assault. Ms. Robinson
explained that the concern rests in the reality that women
fear their abusers would be charged with murder or homicide.
Women struggle with many issues and at times might avoid
medical care rather than entering into an unsympathetic
system. Most women would like to see the focus be on
enhanced penalties with the possibility of the abuser being
charged with homicide.
Representative Kerttula asked why that was the reaction, as
seems the "opposite" would be true. Ms. Robinson replied
that anyone in a situation of abuse while pregnant is
accompanied by fear and stigma being a victim of domestic
violence. It takes a great deal of courage to seek services
during pregnancy. The concern is that the bill would deter
women seeking help from abuse.
2:14:32 PM
JOELLE HALL, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), ANCHORAGE,
echoed the comments voiced in opposition to SB 20 made by
Ms. Simon. Ms. Hall read a statement written by a woman
named Cornelia from South Carolina, who was convicted of
prenatal child abuse.
Ms. Hall stressed that SB 20 is a dangerous direction for
Alaska to move. She urged consideration of other options.
2:18:03 PM
RANDY MAGEN, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), PRESIDENT,
ALASKA CHAPTER OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL
WORKERS, ANCHORAGE, disagreed with Senator Dyson that the
problems of the bill had been "fixed"; the bill will create
more harm to women and children. The unintended
consequences of the bill will be worse than the cure.
Mr. Magen urged that the focus turn to enhanced penalties.
There are definitional problems in the bill where it applies
to an unborn child at any stage of development. The bill
sends the message to pregnant women that they are totally
responsible for the health of their unborn children. He
pointed out that miscarriages and stillborn births are not
preventable and urged that the attackers be the focus.
2:19:59 PM
ANNE SMITH, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), ANCHORAGE,
voiced concern with SB 20 and the method being proposed for
pregnancy abuse. She claimed the need for a bill, which
punishes the offender, using the enhanced penalty approach,
an approach, which results in the same or longer prison
sentences for the perpetrators.
2:20:56 PM
ALLISON GOTTESMAN, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), CO-CHAIR,
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS, SOCIAL ACTION
COMMITTEE, KENAI, testified in opposition to SB 20. She
provided statistics of Alaskan teenage mothers, who have
reported pregnancy abuse. Abused women are twice as likely
to wait until the third trimester before beginning prenatal
care. Murder is the number one cause of death to pregnant
women. Ms. Gottesman urged consideration of enhanced
penalties.
2:23:05 PM
In response to a question by Representative Weyhrauch, Ms.
Gottesman explained that if a batterer knew that they could
be prosecuted, they might attempt to keep their victim from
seeking medical care. Representative Weyhrauch thought then
that person then would be guilty of a more heinous crime.
2:24:17 PM
LISA STONE, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR, NORTHWEST WOMEN'S LAW CENTER, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON,
spoke strongly against the proposed legislation.
Ms. Stone stated that the bill undermines a woman's right to
choose and is not intended to protect pregnant women. The
bill undermines that right by distinguishing the fetus as a
separate crime victim. By doing that, the law redefines the
fetus at any stage of viability as a person.
She commented that personal beliefs about when life begins
should be addressed in private debate. The law is clear -
the fetus is not a separate entity. A law that undermines
abortion rights, hurts more than it helps women. That is
why the law center supports the enhanced penalty approach.
Such actions change the law, so that people who commit
violent assaults or homicide against pregnant women, face
heightened penalties and enhanced sentences for their
crimes.
2:27:03 PM
TROY MAULDEN, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), MATSU, voiced
support for SB 20 and urged passage of the bill. The bill
recognizes the unborn child as a victim, which has nothing
to do with abortion. The legislation is about the intent to
harm a fetus and not being punished for it. He recommended
responsible legislation for putting away people who commit
crimes against unborn children. He pointed out that the
Republican Party's platform establishes that "life shall be
defended".
2:28:54 PM
JUDY CRODELL, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR, AWAIC SHELTER, ANCHORAGE, noted that AWAIC is the
State's largest shelter service provider in the State with a
total of 80 beds. She noted support for enhanced penalties
for assault to women. Ms. Crodell shared concerns with the
unintended consequences of the legislation. She strongly
encouraged that the bill be tabled until a compromise
measure could be made.
2:30:05 PM
DEBBIE JOSLIN, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), EAGLE FORM
ALASKA, voiced support for SB 20, which meets the objective
of supporting the unborn rights of babies. Failing to
protect the unborn child is a failure to protect women as
well. The two are so close that they can appear as one to
the perpetrator. To fail to pass the bill would be to fail
to condem violence against the smallest and weakest among
us, sending a message that the State of Alaska does not
value life.
2:32:32 PM
MICHAEL MACLEOD-BALL, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, AMERICAN CIVIL
LIBERTIES UNION (ACLUA) OF ALASKA, ANCHORAGE, spoke in
opposition to SB 20. The ACLU supports efforts against acts
of violence that harm or terminate a wanted pregnancy. The
proposed legislation diminishes a woman by separating the
fetus from the woman in the eyes of the law.
Mr. MacLeod-Ball spoke in support of alternative approaches
including enhanced penalties. According to the Bureau of
Justice statistics, 1/3 of all murder victims are killed by
their partners. The intent of the perpetrator is to harm
the woman, not the fetus; there is no evidence to indicate
the proposed legislation would protect the fetus. To
address the problem, it needs to be addressed ahead of time.
SB 20 does not do that but instead shifts society's focus
away from the intended victim to the fetus.
Mr. MacLeod-Ball pointed out that North Carolina has adopted
enhanced punishment legislation. The ACLU supports properly
crafted legislation; SB 20 ignores the unity between the
pregnant woman and the fetus she carries. Penalty
enhancements appropriately punish the behavior. In
conclusion, from a point mentioned by a pervious speaker,
"AS 11.41.180 - the exceptions for an act a pregnant woman
commits against herself, specifically, only deals with acts
of commission, not providing an exception for acts of
omission." He recommended that language be corrected by the
Committee.
2:36:25 PM
THEDA PITTMAN, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), ANCHORAGE,
recommended that legislation be reviewed for practicality.
She stated that the bill must be mindful of unintended
consequences. She thought that because there is no
distinction between a fertilized egg and a viable fetus,
makes the implementation impossible in the real world. In
the early stages of pregnancy, the State should not adopt
criminal law. The legislation asks the criminal justice
system to make an impossible differentiation. Ms. Pittman
urged that the bill not be moved from Committee.
2:38:25 PM
ROBIN SMITH, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), ANCHORAGE,
spoke in opposition to the bill. She stated that the bill
does not protect women, but rather undermines abortion
rights. Ms. Smith pointed out the number of bills presented
by Senator Dyson to restrict abortion and urged that the
Committee not pass SB 20 out.
2:39:47 PM
BONNIE JACK, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), ANCHORAGE,
testified in opposition to the bill and referred to a letter
that she had sent to legislators. She thanked
Representative Hawker for his quick response. Legislators
should look at the "big picture", noting enhanced penalties
adequately address the measure. Ms. Jack urged that the
bill not pass from Committee.
2:41:10 PM
TILOMA JAYSING, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), STAFF
ATTORNEY FOR THE NATIONAL ADVOCATES FOR PREGNANT WOMEN,
ANCHORAGE, testified that her organization is devoted to
protecting the rights of pregnant women and families.
She addressed two points:
· The exception language in Section 11.41.180 & 289,
disrespects women and mothers. The language indicates
it would apply to acts committed by a pregnant woman
against herself or unborn child. The language creates
a conflict between a mother and the fetus. Even with
the exemption, the bill will be used against women.
· Urged that enhanced penalties be adopted instead. The
way a fetus is harmed is when the pregnant woman is
harmed and should be recognized as that.
2:44:27 PM
CONNIE RUDNICK, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), PROFESSOR OF
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL OF LAW, ANDOVER,
MASSACHUSETTS, referenced a letter sent to Alaskan
legislators, which sets forth the position that the Unborn
Victims of Violence Act being considered, is the first step
with the sponsor's goal, to undermine Roe versus Wade. She
pointed out such advocates are generally "anti-choice" and
maintained that was the intent of SB 20.
Ms. Rudnick referred to Senator Dyson's argument that the
unborn child had not been defined as a person in the
legislation and stated that once the child becomes a victim
of a murder, it becomes the established identity as a
person. She noted the various stages of pregnancy, prior to
when a fetus becomes viable. The legislation would not
differentiate between a group of cells and a living human
being. She emphasized the legislation is intended to
address reproductive situations.
2:48:08 PM
CHRISTINE PATE, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), ATTORNEY,
ALASKA NETWORK ON VIOLENCE AND SEXUAL ASSAULT, ANCHORAGE,
stressed that the version before the Committee contains many
concerns for the victims of domestic violence. The main
concern is that they would be less likely to seek medical or
police intervention because of the fear that their partners
might face long prison terms. She pointed out that some
fathers are the sole breadwinners in a family and that
domestic violence can result in miscarriages and could lead
to up to a five-year sentence. In such cases, women might
not seek help. Domestic violence perpetrators need to be
held accountable and victim's protected; a system of
enhanced penalties could better accomplish that goal.
2:50:41 PM
BRENDA STANFILL, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), INTERIOR
CENTER FOR NON VIOLENT LIVING, FAIRBANKS, reiterated that
there are unintended consequences of the bill to victims of
domestic violence. She noted Senator Dyson's question
regarding "who is worthy of protection". She said women
need to be protected first; she urged a focus on enhanced
penalties. She recommended the need to hold perpetrators
accountable to protect women instead of passing such a
controversial bill. Ms. Stanfill stated she does not
support the bill in its current form.
2:52:28 PM
SHERRY GOLL, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), HAINES,
emphasized that the bill is not about protecting women, but
rather about changing the definition of a "person" in
statute. To use an unclear term such as "unborn child"
clouds all statutes. If the sponsor was interested in
protecting women, he would protect women suffering from
domestic violence. Senator Dyson chose to eliminate $500
thousand dollars from domestic violent services.
Ms. Goll reiterated that she does not support the bill. It
is a bad bill and urged that it not be passed from
Committee.
2:54:03 PM
KAREN LEWIS, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR, ALASKA RIGHT TO LIFE, MATSU, proposed that the
bill was not about violence against women, but rather
against unborn children. She referred to the bill signed
into law by President Bush. The legislation recognizes that
when a criminal attack is made against a pregnant women, two
lives have been claimed. Ms. Lewis noted that fetal
homicide laws do not conflict with the Supreme Court's pro-
abortion decrees. She discussed various definitions of a
human being as they pertain to a child in uterus. She urged
amending certain statutes.
Ms. Lewis referred to a poll taken by Fox news, July 2003,
regarding physical attack on a pregnant woman leading to the
death of the child. Pro-abortion groups have vehemently
attached unborn victim legislation and she asked that no
amendments be attached to Senator Dyson's bill. She
acknowledged support for the legislation.
2:59:09 PM
MICHELLE DEWITT, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR, TUNDRA WOMEN'S COALITION, BETHEL, recommended that
the concerns be handled through legislation that addresses
aggravators and urged that substitution be added. The bill
is not appropriate in addressing family violence. She
expressed discomfort with the language of the bill. In
discussions with women in shelters, they unanimously are not
comfortable with the language in SB 20. She recommended
substituting language that addresses the aggravators when
pregnancy is terminated during an assault.
3:00:49 PM
MEGHAN GANGHAM, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), TUNDRA
WOMEN'S COALITION, BETHEL, echoed comments made by Ms.
Dewitt. She noted concern with the language of the bill and
its affect on women who are victims of domestic violence.
She strongly urged that the Committee consider penalties
against aggravators and rather than the proposed bill.
3:02:03 PM
PUBLIC TESTIMONY CLOSED
Representative Kerttula referred to public testimony
discussion regarding increased penalties; she asked about
considerations in current law regarding harm to a pregnant
woman.
ANNE CARPENETI, ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL, LEGAL SERVICES
SECTION-JUNEAU, CRIMINAL DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LAW,
responded that an unlawful termination of pregnancy is
considered and defined as a "serious physical injury".
Representative Kerttula asked if assault & reckless
endangerment had been taken into account. Representative
Kerttula inquired if there are aggravators, would a sentence
be "bumped up" because of pregnancy. Ms. Carpeneti pointed
out that although the charge would not be changed if there
was a pregnancy and then unlawfully terminated through
serious injury, however, the assault charge would be more
serious as a result.
3:04:38 PM
JOSH FINK, (TESTIFIED VIA TELECONFERENCE), PUBLIC ADVOCATE,
OFFICE OF PUBLIC ADVOCACY, ANCHORAGE, testified regarding
the indeterminate fiscal note. He pointed out that the bill
creates new crimes, which have previously not existed. It
is difficult to determine actual costs, but he thought they
could be absorbed.
Co-Chair Meyer referred to the new, zero fiscal note by the
Department of Public Safety.
Representative Kelly MOVED to ADOPT Amendment #1.
Representative Kerttula OBJECTED.
WES KELLER, STAFF, SENATOR FRED DYSON, explained that the
issue being addressed is the scope on Page 1, Lines 7 & 8,
deleting "Constitution of the United States and the
Constitution of the State of Alaska" and inserting "United
States Supreme Court".
3:07:56 PM
Mr. Keller proposed that the rights assured in Roe v. Wade
were not affected by the proposed bill; he noted that
Senator Dyson supports the amendment.
Vice Chair Stoltze observed that the amendment was meant to
frame the Roe v. Wade as a court decision and not a
constitutional right.
Representative Kerttula maintained her objection, pointing
out that the amendment goes against what the Sponsor stated
was the intent of the bill.
3:09:55 PM
Representative Kelly thought that it would be "technically
correct to state the genesis of coming from" the Supreme
Court decision. He noted that Senator Dyson had requested
the amendment.
A roll call vote was taken on the motion.
IN FAVOR: Stoltze, Foster, Holm, Kelly, Chenault, Meyer
OPPOSED: Weyhrauch, Hawker, Joule, Kerttula, Moses
The MOTION PASSED (6-5).
3:12:19 PM
Representative Kerttula MOVED Amendment #2, 24-LS0197\T.3,
Mischel, 4/24/06. Vice Chair Stoltze OBJECTED.
Representative Kerttula commented on the consequences of the
proposed legislation. Judges currently cannot consider if a
woman is pregnant or not when sentencing. She commended the
sponsor in acknowledging the serious nature of crimes
against pregnant women. She pointed out that Amendment #2
could provide the obvious compromise, allowing the bill to
move forward rather than creating serious issues. She
advised that the bill without the amendment would create
many legal challenges for the State of Alaska.
3:14:06 PM
Mr. Keller referred to the original draft of the bill, which
provides protection to unborn children. There was nothing
in the original intent that offered protection to pregnant
women; the sponsor simply wants to avoid that within the
scope of SB 20.
3:15:54 PM
Representative Weyhrauch referred to Page 7, regarding a
defendant convicted of an offense involving physical injury
to the woman. He observed that assurances are missing from
current Alaskan law in protecting women and asked if it
would be helpful to add them in.
Mr. Keller clarified that there are adequate laws in place
and that the sponsor choose not to address those in SB 20.
Senator Dyson noted he intended to offer other bills, which
will protect women. He recounted discussions with the legal
department, cautioning him against adding new crimes for a
separate victim. He proposed to review the inadequate
assault crimes, however, pointed out that the purpose of SB
20 creates a crime for a separate victim.
3:18:43 PM
Vice Chair Stoltze pointed out that the amendment would
affect the title and would require a title resolution.
Representative Kerttula confirmed.
3:19:32 PM
Senator Dyson commented that the amendment would profoundly
change the bill; he did not support it.
A roll call vote was taken on the motion.
IN FAVOR: Hawker, Joule, Kerttula, Moses
OPPOSED: Weyhrauch, Foster, Holm, Kelly, Stoltze,
Meyer, Chenault
The MOTION FAILED (4-7).
3:22:06 PM
Representative Kerttula MOVED Amendment #3, #24-LA0197\T.1,
Mischel, 4/24/06. Vice Chair Stoltze OBJECTED.
Representative Kerttula discussed the amendment, which would
provide a "sidebar" regarding when the crime was imposed.
Without that language, it could be assumed that it would be
at the time of fertilization, and that runs the risk of
creating an over-broad statute.
3:22:49 PM
Mr. Keller advised that the sponsor opposes the amendment
because it would be difficult to place a legal definition on
it. He mentioned surviving children born at 19-weeks. The
Legislature has the option of providing protection to
whoever is chosen.
3:23:53 PM
Representative Kelly expressed opposition to the amendment,
and his desire to protect all unborn & unprotected beings.
Representative Kerttula voiced respect for comments made by
Representative Kelly regarding protection of women in our
society. She pointed out, however, that in terms of
criminal law, it is tough to prove and the broad definition
runs afoul from constitutional requirements. She reiterated
that the amendment narrows the definition and that it would
add clarity to the legislation.
3:26:08 PM
Mr. Keller pointed out that the definition was identical to
that in the federal legislation.
A roll call vote was taken on the motion.
IN FAVOR: Joule, Kerttula, Moses, Weyhrauch
OPPOSED: Foster, Hawker, Holm, Kelly, Stoltze, Meyer,
Chenault
The MOTION PASSED (4-7).
3:27:13 PM
Representative Kerttula MOVED to TABLE the bill. Co-Chair
Meyer OBJEDCTED.
A roll call vote was taken on the motion.
IN FAVOR: Joule, Kerttula, Moses
OPPOSED: Hawker, Holm, Kelly, Stoltze, Weyhrauch,
Meyer, Chenault
The MOTION FAILED (3-8).
3:28:24 PM
Representative Foster MOVED to REPORT HCS CS SB 20 (FIN)
out of Committee with individual recommendations and with
the accompanying fiscal notes. Representative Kerttula
OBJECTED.
A roll call vote was taken on the motion.
IN FAVOR: Holm, Kelly, Stoltze, Weyhrauch, Foster,
Hawker, Meyer, Chenault
OPPOSED: Joule, Kerttula, Moses
The MOTION PASSED (8-3).
HCS CS SB 20 (FIN) was reported out of Committee with
"individual" recommendations and with new zero note by the
Department of Public Safety, zero note #4 by the Department
of Corrections, zero note #5 by the Alaska Court System,
zero note #5 by the Department of Public Safety and
indeterminate notes #7 & #8 by the Department of
Administration.
3:30:00 PM
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