Legislature(2025 - 2026)

2026-03-23 House Journal

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2026-03-23                     House Journal                      Page 1927
SB 64                                                                                                                         
The following was before the House in second reading:                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
           HOUSE CS FOR CS FOR SENATE BILL NO. 64(FIN) am H                                                                    
    "An Act relating to elections; relating to voters; relating to voting;                                                      
    relating to voter registration; relating to election administration;                                                        
    relating to campaign contributions; relating to write-in candidates                                                         
    for President and Vice-President of the United States; relating to                                                          
    the crimes of unlawful interference with voting in the first degree,                                                        
    unlawful interference with an election, and election official                                                               
    misconduct; relating to voter registration on permanent fund                                                                
    dividend applications; relating to the duties of the commissioner                                                           
    of revenue; and providing for an effective date."                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Amendment No. 6 was offered  by Representative Allard:                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Page 15, following line 2:                                                                                                      
    Insert a new bill section to read:                                                                                          
"* Sec. 20. AS 15.20.030 is amended by adding a new subsection to                                                             
read:                                                                                                                           
         (b)  Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, a                                                           
    government official or election official may not solicit, take, or                                                          
    otherwise accept from a person any contribution, donation,                                                                  
    service, or anything else of value for purposes of conducting state                                                         
    or local elections in the state. All costs and expenses relating to                                                         
    elections shall be paid for with public funds."                                                                             
Renumber the following bill sections accordingly.                                                                               

2026-03-23                     House Journal                      Page 1928
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 5:                                                                                                                
    Delete "sec. 29"                                                                                                            
    Insert "sec. 30"                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 6:                                                                                                                
    Delete "sec. 30"                                                                                                            
    Insert "sec. 31"                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, lines 6 - 7:                                                                                                           
    Delete "sec. 31"                                                                                                            
    Insert "sec. 32"                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 7:                                                                                                                
    Delete "secs. 29 - 31"                                                                                                      
    Insert "secs. 30 - 32"                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, lines 9 - 10:                                                                                                          
    Delete "12 - 24, and 28 - 37"                                                                                               
    Insert "12 - 25, and 29 - 38"                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 12:                                                                                                               
    Delete "12 - 24, and 28 - 37"                                                                                               
    Insert "12 - 25, and 29 - 38"                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 26:                                                                                                               
    Delete "sec. 26"                                                                                                            
    Insert "sec. 27"                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 27:                                                                                                               
    Delete "sec. 27"                                                                                                            
    Insert "sec. 28"                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 28:                                                                                                               
    Delete "sec. 27"                                                                                                            
    Insert "sec. 28"                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 29:                                                                                                               
    Delete "sec. 26"                                                                                                            
    Insert "sec. 27"                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                

2026-03-23                     House Journal                      Page 1929
Page 22, line 31:                                                                                                               
    Delete "Sections 25 - 27 and 38"                                                                                            
    Insert "Sections 26 - 28 and 39"                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Page 23, line 1:                                                                                                                
    Delete "secs. 39 and 40"                                                                                                    
    Insert "secs. 40 and 41"                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Representative Allard moved and asked unanimous consent that                                                                    
Amendment No. 6 be adopted.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
There was objection.                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
The question being:  "Shall Amendment No. 6 be adopted?"  The roll                                                              
was taken with the following result:                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
HCS CSSB 64(FIN) am H                                                                                                           
Second Reading                                                                                                                  
Amendment No. 6                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
YEAS:  16   NAYS:  23   EXCUSED:  1   ABSENT:  0                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Yeas:  Allard, Bynum, Costello, Coulombe, Elam, Johnson, Moore,                                                                 
D.Nelson, G.Nelson, Ruffridge, Saddler, Schwanke, St. Clair, Stapp,                                                             
Tomaszewski, Underwood                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
Nays:  Dibert, Edgmon, Eischeid, Fields, Foster, Frier, Galvin, Gray,                                                           
Hall, Hannan, Himschoot, Holland, Jimmie, Josephson, Kopp,                                                                      
McCabe, Mears, Mina, Prax, Schrage, Story, Stutes, Vance                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Excused:  Carrick                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
And so, Amendment No. 6 was not adopted.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Amendment No. 7 was offered  by Representatives G. Nelson and                                                                    
Allard:                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Page 15, line 13, following "tribe":                                                                                        
    Insert ". An absentee ballot may not be delivered to the division                                                       
through a drop box. An election authority may not establish or use                                                          
a drop box for the purpose of collecting absentee ballots"                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Page 15, line 25, following "election":                                                                                         
    Insert ". An absentee ballot may not be delivered through a                                                             

2026-03-23                     House Journal                      Page 1930
drop box. An election authority may not establish or use a drop                                                             
box for the purpose of collecting absentee ballots"                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Page 16, line 4, following "received.":                                                                                         
    Insert "An absentee ballot may not be delivered to the division                                                         
through a drop box. An election authority may not establish or use                                                          
a drop box for the purpose of collecting absentee ballots."                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Representative G. Nelson moved and asked unanimous consent that                                                                 
Amendment No. 7 be adopted.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
Representative Schrage objected.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
The question being:  "Shall Amendment No. 7 be adopted?"  The roll                                                              
was taken with the following result:                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
HCS CSSB 64(FIN) am H                                                                                                           
Second Reading                                                                                                                  
Amendment No. 7                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
YEAS:  16   NAYS:  23   EXCUSED:  1   ABSENT:  0                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Yeas:  Allard, Bynum, Costello, Coulombe, Elam, Johnson, McCabe,                                                                
Moore, G.Nelson, Ruffridge, Saddler, Schwanke, St. Clair, Stapp,                                                                
Tomaszewski, Underwood                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
Nays:  Dibert, Edgmon, Eischeid, Fields, Foster, Frier, Galvin, Gray,                                                           
Hall, Hannan, Himschoot, Holland, Jimmie, Josephson, Kopp, Mears,                                                               
Mina, D.Nelson, Prax, Schrage, Story, Stutes, Vance                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Excused:  Carrick                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Moore changed from "NAY" to "YEA"                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
And so, Amendment No. 7 was not adopted.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Amendment No. 8 was offered  by Representative Elam:                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Page 14, line 23:                                                                                                               
    Delete "a postage-paid return [AN]"                                                                                     
    Insert "an"                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Representative Elam moved and asked unanimous consent that                                                                      
Amendment No. 8 be adopted.                                                                                                     

2026-03-23                     House Journal                      Page 1931
Representative Schrage objected.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
The question being:  "Shall Amendment No. 8 be adopted?"  The roll                                                              
was taken with the following result:                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
HCS CSSB 64(FIN) am H                                                                                                           
Second Reading                                                                                                                  
Amendment No. 8                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
YEAS:  16   NAYS:  23   EXCUSED:  1   ABSENT:  0                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Yeas:  Allard, Bynum, Costello, Coulombe, Elam, Johnson, Moore,                                                                 
D.Nelson, G.Nelson, Prax, Ruffridge, Saddler, St. Clair, Stapp,                                                                 
Tomaszewski, Underwood                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
Nays:  Dibert, Edgmon, Eischeid, Fields, Foster, Frier, Galvin, Gray,                                                           
Hall, Hannan, Himschoot, Holland, Jimmie, Josephson, Kopp,                                                                      
McCabe, Mears, Mina, Schrage, Schwanke, Story, Stutes, Vance                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Excused:  Carrick                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
And so, Amendment No. 8 was not adopted.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Amendment No. 9 was offered  by Representatives D. Nelson and                                                                    
Allard:                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Page 21, following line 20:                                                                                                     
    Insert a new bill section to read:                                                                                          
"* Sec. 34. The uncodified law of the State of Alaska is amended by                                                           
adding a new section to read:                                                                                                   
    MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS. A municipal election may not be                                                                        
conducted outside of the Alaska state elections schedule; the schedule                                                          
is as follows:                                                                                                                  
             (1)  primary elections will be held on the third Tuesday in                                                        
    August on even-numbered years;                                                                                              
             (2)  general elections will be held on the first Tuesday                                                           
    after the first Monday in November on a two- or four-year cycle."                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Renumber the following bill sections accordingly.                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, lines 9 - 10:                                                                                                          
    Delete "12 - 24, and 28 - 37"                                                                                               
    Insert "12 - 25, and 28 - 38"                                                                                               

2026-03-23                     House Journal                      Page 1932
Page 22, line 12:                                                                                                               
    Delete "12 - 24, and 28 - 37"                                                                                               
    Insert "12 - 25, and 28 - 38"                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 31:                                                                                                               
    Delete "38"                                                                                                                 
    Insert "39"                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Page 23, line 1:                                                                                                                
    Delete "secs. 39 and 40"                                                                                                    
    Insert "secs. 40 and 41"                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Representative G. Nelson moved and asked unanimous consent that                                                                 
Amendment No. 9 be adopted.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
Representative Schrage objected.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
Amendment No. 1 to Amendment No. 9 was offered  by                                                                               
Representative Bynum:                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Page 1, lines 1-10 of the amendment:                                                                                            
 Delete all material and insert:                                                                                                
 “*Sec. 34. The uncodified law of the State of Alaska is amended                                                              
by adding a new section to read:                                                                                                
 MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS. In alignment with the State-                                                                              
conducted primary and general elections, regular municipal elections                                                            
will be conducted on either:                                                                                                    
                  (1) The third Tuesday in August; or                                                                          
                  (2) The first Tuesday after the first Monday in                                                               
                      November                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Representative Bynum moved and asked unanimous consent that                                                                     
Amendment No. 1 to Amendment No. 9 be adopted.                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Objection was heard and withdrawn. There being no further objection,                                                            
Amendment No. 1 to Amendment No. 9 was adopted.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
The question being:  "Shall Amendment No. 9 as amended be                                                                       
adopted?"  The roll was taken with the following result:                                                                        
                                                                                                                                

2026-03-23                     House Journal                      Page 1933
HCS CSSB 64(FIN) am H                                                                                                           
Second Reading                                                                                                                  
Amendment No. 9 as amended                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
YEAS:  18   NAYS:  21   EXCUSED:  1   ABSENT:  0                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Yeas:  Allard, Bynum, Costello, Coulombe, Elam, Johnson, McCabe,                                                                
Moore, D.Nelson, G.Nelson, Prax, Ruffridge, Saddler, Schwanke, St.                                                              
Clair, Stapp, Tomaszewski, Underwood                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Nays:  Dibert, Edgmon, Eischeid, Fields, Foster, Frier, Galvin, Gray,                                                           
Hall, Hannan, Himschoot, Holland, Jimmie, Josephson, Kopp, Mears,                                                               
Mina, Schrage, Story, Stutes, Vance                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Excused:  Carrick                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
And so, Amendment No. 9 as amended was not adopted.                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Amendment No. 10 was offered  by Representative Allard:                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
Page 16, lines 25 - 29:                                                                                                         
    Delete all material.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Renumber the following bill sections accordingly.                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Page 17, line 7, following "ballot;":                                                                                           
    Insert "and"                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
Page 17, lines 8 - 9:                                                                                                           
    Delete "; and                                                                                                               
             (5)  provide the information necessary to cure a rejected                                                          
    ballot"                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
Page 17, lines 13 - 15:                                                                                                         
    Delete all material.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Page 17, line 16:                                                                                                               
    Delete "(B)"                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
Page 17, line 20, through page 18, line 22:                                                                                     
    Delete all material.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Renumber the following bill sections accordingly.                                                                               

2026-03-23                     House Journal                      Page 1934
Page 22, line 5:                                                                                                                
    Delete "sec. 29"                                                                                                            
    Insert "sec. 27"                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 6:                                                                                                                
    Delete "sec. 30"                                                                                                            
    Insert "sec. 28"                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, lines 6 - 7:                                                                                                           
    Delete "sec. 31"                                                                                                            
    Insert "sec. 29"                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 7:                                                                                                                
    Delete "secs. 29 - 31"                                                                                                      
    Insert "secs. 27 - 29"                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, lines 9 - 10:                                                                                                          
    Delete "28 - 37"                                                                                                            
    Insert "26 - 35"                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 12:                                                                                                               
    Delete "28 - 37"                                                                                                            
    Insert "26 - 35"                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, lines 24 - 29:                                                                                                         
    Delete all material.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Renumber the following bill sections accordingly.                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Page 22, line 31:                                                                                                               
    Delete "Sections 25 - 27 and 38 of this Act take"                                                                           
    Insert "Section 25 of this Act takes"                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Page 23, line 1:                                                                                                                
    Delete "secs. 39 and 40"                                                                                                    
    Insert "secs. 36 and 37"                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Representative Allard moved and asked unanimous consent that                                                                    
Amendment No. 10 be adopted.                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                

2026-03-23                     House Journal                      Page 1935
Representative Schrage objected.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
The question being:  "Shall Amendment No. 10 be adopted?"  The roll                                                             
was taken with the following result:                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
HCS CSSB 64(FIN) am H                                                                                                           
Second Reading                                                                                                                  
Amendment No. 10                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
YEAS:  13   NAYS:  26   EXCUSED:  1   ABSENT:  0                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Yeas:  Allard, Costello, Elam, Johnson, Moore, G.Nelson, Prax,                                                                  
Ruffridge, Saddler, Schwanke, St. Clair, Tomaszewski, Underwood                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Nays:  Bynum, Coulombe, Dibert, Edgmon, Eischeid, Fields, Foster,                                                               
Frier, Galvin, Gray, Hall, Hannan, Himschoot, Holland, Jimmie,                                                                  
Josephson, Kopp, McCabe, Mears, Mina, D.Nelson, Schrage, Stapp,                                                                 
Story, Stutes, Vance                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Excused:  Carrick                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
And so, Amendment No. 10 was not adopted.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Amendment No. 11 was offered  by Representatives St. Clair and                                                                   
Allard:                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Page 1, line 11, following "a":                                                                                                 
    Insert "valid"                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
Page 1, line 12:                                                                                                                
    Following "license,":                                                                                                       
         Insert "valid"                                                                                                     
    Delete "current and"                                                                                                        
    Insert "or [CURRENT AND]"                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Page 1, lines 12 - 13:                                                                                                          
    Delete "identification, birth certificate, passport, or"                                                                    
    Insert     "[IDENTIFICATION,            BIRTH        CERTIFICATE,                                                           
PASSPORT, OR]"                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Page 2, lines 1 - 2:                                                                                                            
    Delete "LICENSE]. A registration official who knows the identity                                                            
of the applicant may waive the identification requirement"                                                                      

2026-03-23                     House Journal                      Page 1936
    Insert "LICENSE. A REGISTRATION OFFICIAL WHO                                                                                
KNOWS THE IDENTITY OF THE APPLICANT MAY WAIVE                                                                                   
THE IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENT]"                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
Page 2, line 11:                                                                                                                
    Following "a":                                                                                                              
         Insert "valid"                                                                                                     
    Following "license,":                                                                                                       
         Insert "valid"                                                                                                     
    Delete "current and"                                                                                                        
    Insert "or [CURRENT AND]"                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Page 2, line 12:                                                                                                                
    Delete "identification, birth certificate, passport, or"                                                                    
    Insert     "[IDENTIFICATION,            BIRTH        CERTIFICATE,                                                           
PASSPORT, OR]"                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Page 12, line 16:                                                                                                               
    Delete "an official voter registration card,"                                                                               
    Insert "a valid [an official voter registration card,]"                                                                 
    Following "license,":                                                                                                       
         Insert "valid"                                                                                                     
    Delete "current and"                                                                                                        
    Insert "or [CURRENT AND]"                                                                                               
    Delete "identification, birth certificate, passport, or"                                                                    
    Insert     "[IDENTIFICATION,            BIRTH        CERTIFICATE,                                                           
PASSPORT, OR]"                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Page 15, line 11:                                                                                                               
    Following the second occurrence of "a":                                                                                     
         Insert "valid"                                                                                                     
    Following "license,":                                                                                                       
         Insert "valid"                                                                                                     
    Delete "current and"                                                                                                        
    Insert "or [CURRENT AND]"                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Page 15, line 12:                                                                                                               
    Delete "identification, birth certificate, passport, or"                                                                    
    Insert     "[IDENTIFICATION,            BIRTH        CERTIFICATE,                                                           
PASSPORT, OR]"                                                                                                                  

2026-03-23                     House Journal                      Page 1937
Representative St. Clair moved and asked unanimous consent that                                                                 
Amendment No. 11 be adopted.                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Representative Schrage objected.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
The question being:  "Shall Amendment No. 11 be adopted?"  The roll                                                             
was taken with the following result:                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
HCS CSSB 64(FIN) am H                                                                                                           
Second Reading                                                                                                                  
Amendment No. 11                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
YEAS:  18   NAYS:  21   EXCUSED:  1   ABSENT:  0                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Yeas:  Allard, Bynum, Costello, Coulombe, Elam, Johnson, McCabe,                                                                
Moore, D.Nelson, G.Nelson, Prax, Ruffridge, Saddler, Schwanke, St.                                                              
Clair, Stapp, Tomaszewski, Underwood                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Nays:  Dibert, Edgmon, Eischeid, Fields, Foster, Frier, Galvin, Gray,                                                           
Hall, Hannan, Himschoot, Holland, Jimmie, Josephson, Kopp, Mears,                                                               
Mina, Schrage, Story, Stutes, Vance                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Excused:  Carrick                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
And so, Amendment No. 11 was not adopted.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Representative Kopp moved and asked unanimous consent that HCS                                                                  
CSSB 64(FIN) am H be considered engrossed, advanced to third                                                                    
reading, and placed on final passage.  There being no objection, it was                                                         
so ordered.                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
HCS CSSB 64(FIN) am H was read the third time.                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Representative Stutes, citing Section 122.2 of Mason's Manual, rose to                                                          
points of order regarding impugning motives of members.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
The Speaker cautioned members to refrain from impugning the                                                                     
motives of members.                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Representative Stutes, citing Section 101.1 of Mason's Manual, rose to                                                          
a point of order regarding the germaneness of debate.                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
The Speaker cautioned members to proceed in order.                                                                              
                                                                                                                                

2026-03-23                     House Journal                      Page 1938
The question being:  "Shall HCS CSSB 64(FIN) am H pass the                                                                      
House?"  The roll was taken with the following result:                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
HCS CSSB 64(FIN) am H                                                                                                           
Third Reading                                                                                                                   
Final Passage                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
YEAS:  23   NAYS:  16   EXCUSED:  1   ABSENT:  0                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Yeas:  Bynum, Dibert, Edgmon, Eischeid, Fields, Foster, Frier,                                                                  
Galvin, Gray, Hall, Hannan, Himschoot, Holland, Jimmie, Josephson,                                                              
Kopp, McCabe, Mears, Mina, Schrage, Story, Stutes, Vance                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Nays:  Allard, Costello, Coulombe, Elam, Johnson, Moore, D.Nelson,                                                              
G.Nelson, Prax, Ruffridge, Saddler, Schwanke, St. Clair, Stapp,                                                                 
Tomaszewski, Underwood                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
Excused:  Carrick                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
And so, HCS CSSB 64(FIN) am H passed the House.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Representative Kopp moved the effective date clause.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
The question being:  "Shall the effective date clause be adopted?"  The                                                         
roll was taken with the following result:                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
HCS CSSB 64(FIN) am H                                                                                                           
Third Reading                                                                                                                   
Effective Date                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
YEAS:  27   NAYS:  12   EXCUSED:  1   ABSENT:  0                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Yeas:  Bynum, Dibert, Edgmon, Eischeid, Fields, Foster, Frier,                                                                  
Galvin, Gray, Hall, Hannan, Himschoot, Holland, Jimmie, Josephson,                                                              
Kopp, McCabe, Mears, Mina, Moore, D.Nelson, Prax, Schrage, St.                                                                  
Clair, Story, Stutes, Vance                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
Nays:  Allard, Costello, Coulombe, Elam, Johnson, G.Nelson,                                                                     
Ruffridge, Saddler, Schwanke, Stapp, Tomaszewski, Underwood                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
Excused:  Carrick                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
And so, the effective date clause was adopted.                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
HCS CSSB 64(FIN) am H was referred to the Chief Clerk for                                                                       
engrossment.