00 CS FOR HOUSE BILL NO. 359(STA) 01 "An Act relating to regulation of health insurance plans; and providing for an 02 effective date." 03 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF ALASKA: 04 * Section 1. AS 21 is amended by adding a new chapter to read: 05 Chapter 07. Regulation of Health Insurance Plans. 06  Sec. 21.07.010. Required filing with director. (a) An insurer that offers a 07 health insurance plan to residents of this state shall file a form, as prescribed by the 08 director, with the director. The form must contain at least 09  (1) the official address and telephone number of the place of business 10 of the insurer; and 11  (2) a description of the insurer's internal patient appeals process 12 available to cover persons to contest a denial, reduction, or termination of benefits, if 13 any. 14  (b) A health maintenance organization that holds a certificate of authority 01 under AS 21.86.020 is exempt from the filing requirements of this section but shall 02 comply with the other provisions of this chapter. 03  Sec. 21.07.020. Required plan disclosure. (a) An insurer shall disclose in 04 writing to a subscriber the terms and conditions of the insurer's health insurance plan 05 and shall promptly provide the subscriber with written notification of a change in the 06 terms and conditions before the effective date of the change. The insurer shall provide 07 the required information at the time of enrollment and on request thereafter. 08  (b) The information required to be disclosed by this section includes a 09 description of 10  (1) covered services and benefits to which the subscriber or other 11 covered person is entitled; 12  (2) restrictions or limitations on covered services and benefits, 13 including physical and occupational therapy services, clinical laboratory tests, hospital 14 and surgical procedures, prescription drugs and biologics, radiological examinations, 15 and behavioral health services; 16  (3) financial responsibility of the covered person, including copayments 17 and deductibles; 18  (4) prior authorization and other review requirements with respect to 19 obtaining covered services; 20  (5) where and in what manner covered services may be obtained; 21  (6) changes in covered services or benefits, including an addition, 22 reduction, or elimination of specific services or benefits; 23  (7) the covered person's right to appeal and the procedure for initiating 24 an appeal of a utilization review decision made by or on behalf of the insurer with 25 respect to the denial, reduction, or termination of a health care benefit or the denial of 26 payment for a health care service; 27  (8) the procedure to initiate an appeal through the director; and 28  (9) other information that the director may require. 29  (c) The insurer shall file the information required under this section with the 30 director. 31  Sec. 21.07.030. Managed care plan disclosure and notice.  (a) In addition 01 to the disclosure requirements provided under AS 21.07.020, an insurer that offers a 02 managed care plan shall disclose to a subscriber, in writing, the following information 03 at the time of enrollment and annually thereafter: 04  (1) a current participating provider directory providing information on 05 a covered person's access to primary care physicians and specialists, including the 06 number of available participating physicians, by provider category or speciality; the 07 directory shall include the professional office address of a primary care physician and 08 any hospital affiliation the primary care physician has; the directory shall also provide 09 information about participating hospitals; 10  (2) general information about the financial incentives between 11 participating physicians under contract with the insurer and other participating health 12 care providers and facilities to which the participating physicians refer their managed 13 care patients; 14  (3) the percentage of the insurer's managed care plan's network 15 physicians who are board certified; 16  (4) the insurer's managed care plan's standard for customary waiting 17 times for appointments for urgent and routine care; and 18  (5) the availability through the director, on request of a member of the 19 general public, of independent consumer satisfaction survey results and an analysis of 20 quality outcomes of health care services of managed care plans in the state. 21  (b) On request of a covered person, an insurer shall promptly inform the 22 person whether a particular network physician is 23  (1) board certified; and 24  (2) currently accepting new patients. 25  (c) An insurer shall 26  (1) promptly notify each covered person before the termination or 27 withdrawal from the insurer's provider network of the covered person's primary care 28 physician; and 29  (2) provide a prospective subscriber with information about the provider 30 network, including hospital affiliations, and, on request, other information specified in 31 this section. 01  (d) The insurer shall file the information required by this section with the 02 director. 03  Sec. 21.07.040. Managed care medical director. (a) An insurer that offers 04 a managed care plan or uses a utilization review system in a health plan shall designate 05 a licensed physician to serve as medical director. The medical director shall be 06 designated to serve as the medical director for medical services provided to covered 07 persons in the state and is required to be licensed to practice medicine in this state. 08 The medical director shall be responsible for treatment policies, protocols, quality 09 assurance activities, and utilization review decisions of the insurer. The treatment 10 policies, protocols, quality assurance program, and utilization review decisions of the 11 insurer shall be based on generally accepted standards of health care practice. The 12 quality assurance and utilization review program shall be consistent with standards 13 adopted by regulation of the director. 14  (b) The medical director shall ensure that 15  (1) a utilization review decision to deny, reduce, or terminate a health 16 care benefit or to deny payment for a health care service because that service is not 17 medically necessary shall be made by a physician; in the case of a health care service 18 prescribed or provided by a dentist, the decision shall be made by a dentist; 19  (2) a utilization review decision may not retrospectively deny coverage 20 for health care services provided to a covered person when prior approval has been 21 obtained from the insurer for those services unless the approval was based on 22 fraudulent information submitted by the covered person or the participating provider; 23  (3) in the case of a managed care plan, a procedure is implemented 24 whereby participating physicians and dentists have an opportunity to review and 25 comment on all medical and surgical and dental protocols, respectively, of the insurer; 26  (4) the utilization review program is available on a 24-hour basis to 27 respond to authorization requests for emergency and urgent services and is available, 28 at a minimum, during normal working hours for inquiries and authorization requests 29 for nonurgent health care services; and 30  (5) in the case of a managed care plan, a covered person is permitted 31 to choose or change a primary care physician from among participating providers in 01 the provider network and, when appropriate, choose a specialist from among 02 participating network providers following an authorized referral if required by the 03 insurer and subject to the ability of the specialist to accept new patients. 04  Sec. 21.07.050. Employment of health care providers. (a) An application 05 for participation by a health care provider that is submitted to an insurer that offers a 06 managed care plan shall be reviewed by a committee of the insurer that includes 07 appropriate representation of health care professionals with knowledge of the 08 applicant's scope of professional practice. 09  (b) An insurer that offers a managed care plan shall establish a policy 10 governing removal of a health care provider from the provider network that includes 11 the following: 12  (1) the insurer shall inform a participating health care provider of the 13 insurer's removal policy at the time the insurer contracts with the health care provider 14 to participate in the provider network and at each renewal of the contract; 15  (2) if a health care provider's participation will be terminated before the 16 date of the termination of the contract, the insurer shall provide the health care 17 provider with a 90-day written notice of the termination and notice of a right to a 18 hearing; if requested by the health care provider, the insurer shall provide the reasons 19 for the termination in writing and shall hold a hearing within 30 days of the date of 20 the request; the hearing shall be conducted by a panel appointed by the insurer and 21 consisting of at least three persons, at least one of whom is a clinical peer in the same 22 discipline and the same or similar speciality as the health care provider whose 23 participation is being terminated; the panel shall decide whether the health care 24 provider shall be terminated, reinstated, or provisionally reinstated, subject to 25 conditions set out by the panel; the panel's determination shall be in writing and shall 26 be made in a timely manner; 27  (3) the notice and opportunity for a hearing required under (2) of this 28 subsection do not apply when 29  (A) the contract expires and is not renewed; 30  (B) the termination is for breach of contract; 31  (C) in the opinion of the medical director, the health care 01 provider represents an imminent danger to an individual patient or the public 02 health, safety, or welfare; or 03  (D) there is a determination of fraud; 04  (4) if the insurer finds that a health care provider represents an 05 imminent danger to an individual patient or to the public health, safety, or welfare, the 06 medical director shall promptly notify the appropriate state licensing board. 07  Sec. 21.07.060. Managed care provider and patient protection. A contract 08 between a participating health care provider and an insurer that offers a managed care 09 plan 10  (1) must state that the health care provider may not be penalized or the 11 contract terminated by the insurer because the health care provider acts as an advocate 12 for the patient in seeking appropriate, medically necessary health care services; 13  (2) may not provide financial incentives to the health care provider for 14 withholding covered health care services that are medically necessary; and 15  (3) must protect the ability of a health care provider to communicate 16 openly with a patient about all appropriate diagnostic testing and treatment options. 17  Sec. 21.07.070. Required contract provisions. A health insurance plan 18 offered to residents of the state must provide that 19  (1) coverage for a medical procedure that has been preapproved by the 20 insurer may not be denied if denial occurs less than 96 hours before the medical 21 procedure is scheduled to commence; and 22  (2) if the insured has coverage under more than one health insurance 23 plan, the primary insurer may not coordinate benefits with the secondary insurer if the 24 coordination reduces the benefits the insured is eligible to receive under the primary 25 or secondary health insurance plan. 26  Sec. 21.07.080. Choice of health care provider. (a) An insurer that offers 27 a managed care plan shall offer to every contract holder a point-of-service plan option 28 that would allow a covered person to receive covered services from an out-of-network 29 health care provider without obtaining a referral or prior authorization from the insurer. 30 The point-of-service plan option may require that a subscriber pay a higher deductible 31 or copayment and higher premium for the plan. 01  (b) An insurer shall provide each subscriber in a plan whose contract holder 02 elects the point-of-service plan option with the opportunity at the time of enrollment 03 and during the annual open enrollment period to enroll in the point-of-service plan 04 option. The insurer shall provide written notice of the point-of-service plan option to 05 each subscriber in a plan whose contract holder elects the point-of-service plan option 06 and shall include in that notice a detailed explanation of the financial costs to be 07 incurred by a subscriber who selects that option. 08  (c) The requirements of this section do not apply to an insurer contract that 09 offers a managed care plan that provides health care services to Medicaid recipients 10 or to a federally qualified, nonprofit health maintenance organization. 11  Sec. 21.07.090. Health Care Appeals Board. (a) The director shall appoint 12 a Health Care Appeals Board to provide independent medical necessity or an 13 appropriateness of service review of a final decision by an insurer to deny, reduce, or 14 terminate benefits when the final decision is contested by the covered person. The 15 board may not review decisions regarding benefits not covered by the covered person's 16 health insurance plan. 17  (b) The director shall appoint at least seven, but no more than 15 18 representatives, to the board. Members shall serve two-year terms and may be 19 reappointed. Board members may not be compensated except for per diem and travel 20 expenses authorized for boards and commissions under AS 39.20.180. 21  (c) The director shall appoint members of the board from individuals who are 22 advocates for health care consumers, persons with mental illnesses, children, persons 23 with disabilities, senior citizens, public assistance, persons who are eligible to receive 24 medical assistance under 42 U.S.C. 1396 - 1396p (Social Security Act), and from other 25 persons who have demonstrated a knowledge of the effect of the health care delivery 26 system on consumers in the state. Members shall be chosen to reflect the diversity of 27 consumers, including race, sex, age, economic status, disability, and health status. 28 However, members may not include a person with a financial or other conflict of 29 interest, a person who is directly and substantially involved in the delivery of health 30 care, an employee or principal of a health insurer, a health care plan supplier, a 31 manufacturer of medical care goods and services, or a health care provider. 01  (d) The board shall meet at least four times a year. The board shall elect its 02 own officers and shall designate its own committees and other organizational 03 structures. 04  (e) The director shall appoint a technical advisory board to assist the board. 05 The technical advisory board must include representatives of state agencies with 06 responsibility for areas of interest to the board. 07  (f) A covered person may apply to the Health Care Appeals Board for a 08 review of a decision to deny, reduce, or terminate a benefit if the person has already 09 completed the insurer's appeal process, if any, and the person contests the final 10 decision by the insurer. The person shall apply to the board within 60 days after the 11 date the final decision was issued by the insurer in a manner determined by the 12 director. 13  Sec. 21.07.100. Insurance benefit review. (a) If a covered person applies 14 for an insurance benefit review under AS 21.07.090(f), the board shall promptly 15 review the pertinent medical records of the person to determine the appropriate, 16 medically necessary health care services the person should receive based on applicable, 17 generally accepted practice guidelines developed by the federal government, national 18 or professional medical societies, boards or associations, and any applicable clinical 19 protocols or practice guidelines developed by the insurer. The board shall complete 20 its review and make its determination within 90 days of receipt of a completed 21 application for a review or within less time, as prescribed by the director. 22  (b) On completion of a review, the board shall state its findings in writing and 23 make a determination of whether the insurer's denial, reduction, or termination of 24 benefits deprived the covered person of medically necessary services covered by the 25 person's health care insurance plan. If the board determines that the denial, reduction, 26 or termination of benefits deprived the person of medically necessary covered services, 27 it shall make a recommendation to the covered person and insurer regarding the 28 appropriate, medically necessary health care services the person should receive. On 29 receiving the board's recommendation, the insurer shall promptly notify the covered 30 person and the director of what action the insurer will take with respect to the 31 recommendation. If the covered person is not in agreement with the board's findings 01 and recommendation or the insurer's action on the recommendation, the person may 02 seek the desired health care services outside of the person's health benefits plan, at the 03 person's own expense. 04  (c) If the director determines that an insurer exhibits a pattern of 05 noncompliance with the findings and recommendations of the board, the director shall 06 review the insurer's utilization management program to ensure that the insurer is in 07 compliance with all relevant state laws and regulations, including utilization 08 management standards. If the director determines that the insurer is in violation of 09 patient rights and other applicable regulations, the director may impose penalties and 10 sanctions on the insurer, as provided by law. 11  (d) The director shall require the board to establish procedures to provide for 12 an expedited review of an insurer's denial, reduction, or termination of a benefit 13 decision when a delay in receipt of the service could seriously jeopardize the health 14 or well-being of the covered person. 15  (e) A covered person's medical records provided to the board and the findings 16 and recommendations of the board are confidential and shall be used only by the 17 director, the board, and the affected insurer for the purposes of this chapter. The 18 medical records, findings, and recommendations may not otherwise be divulged or 19 made public in a manner that discloses the identity of a person to whom they relate 20 and may not be included under materials available for public inspection. 21  (f) The cost of an insurance benefit review shall be paid by the insurer under 22 a schedule of fees established by the director. 23  Sec. 21.07.110. Immunity under appeal program. (a) A member of the 24 board who participates in an insurance benefit review may not be held liable for civil 25 damages for an action taken within the scope of the member's function on the board. 26  (b) An insurer that is the subject of an insurance benefit review is not liable 27 for civil damages to a person for an action taken to implement a recommendation of 28 the board. 29  Sec. 21.07.120. Required report. The director shall annually report to the 30 legislature and to the governor on the status of the health care insurance benefit review 31 program. The report must include 01  (1) a summary of the number of reviews conducted and medical 02 specialties affected; 03  (2) a summary of the findings and recommendations made by the 04 board; 05  (3) a list of actions taken by the director against an insurer; and 06  (4) any other information and recommendations determined appropriate 07 by the director. 08  Sec. 21.07.130. Consumer surveys. An insurer that offers a managed care 09 plan shall comply with the director's reporting requirements with respect to quality 10 outcome measures of health care services and independent consumer satisfaction 11 surveys. The director shall make available to a member of the general public, on 12 request, the results of the independent consumer satisfaction survey and the analysis 13 of quality outcome measures of health care services provided by managed care plans 14 in the state, prepared by the director. 15  Sec. 21.07.140. Employer notice. An employer who provides a 16 comprehensive self-funded health insurance plan to employees or their dependents, or 17 both, in the state shall annually, and on request of an employee at other times during 18 the year, notify the employees that they are covered by a self-insured plan that is not 19 subject to regulation by the state and specify those mandated health insurance benefits 20 established by law that are not covered by the self-insured plan. The director shall 21 notify the commissioner of labor of any health insurance mandates enacted into law, 22 and the commissioner of labor shall notify employers in a timely manner of the health 23 insurance mandates subject to the provisions of this section. 24  Sec. 21.07.150. Enforcement; penalty. The director shall establish 25 enforcement procedures to ensure compliance with this chapter. Material violations 26 of a standard or requirement may be punished by a civil penalty of up to $2,000. In 27 the case of conduct constituting a pattern of repeated, material violations, the director 28 may also rescind approval of or limit the operation of a plan. Before imposing a 29 sanction, the director shall provide a managed care plan with an opportunity to be 30 heard in connection with the alleged violations and the possible sanctions. 31  Sec. 21.07.500. Definitions. In this chapter, 01  (1) "board" means the Health Care Appeals Board; 02  (2) "health care provider" means an acupuncturist licensed under 03 AS 08.06; an audiologist licensed under AS 08.11; a chiropractor licensed under 04 AS 08.20; a dental hygienist licensed under AS 08.32; a dentist licensed under 05 AS 08.36; a marital or family therapist licensed under AS 08.63; a direct-entry 06 midwife licensed under AS 08.65; a nurse licensed under AS 08.68; a dispensing 07 optician licensed under AS 08.71; a naturopath licensed under AS 08.45; an 08 optometrist licensed under AS 08.72; a pharmacist licensed under AS 08.80; a physical 09 therapist or occupational therapist licensed under AS 08.84; a physician's assistant 10 certified under AS 08.64; a physician licensed under AS 08.64; a podiatrist licensed 11 under AS 08.64; a psychologist and a psychological associate licensed under AS 08.86; 12 a clinical social worker licensed under AS 08.95; an emergency medical technician 13 certified under AS 18.08.082; a mobile intensive care paramedic trained as required 14 under AS 18.08.082; a hospital as defined in AS 18.20.130, including a governmentally 15 owned or operated hospital; and an employee of a health care provider acting within 16 the course and scope of employment; 17  (3) "health insurance" has the meaning given in AS 21.12.050; 18  (4) "managed care contractor" means a contractor who establishes, 19 operates, or maintains a network of participating health care providers, conducts or 20 arranges for utilization review activities, and contracts with an insurer, a hospital or 21 medical service plan, an employer or employee health care organization, or another 22 entity providing coverage for health care services to operate a managed care plan; 23  (5) "managed care entity" includes an insurer, hospital or medical 24 service plan, health maintenance organization, an employer or employee health care 25 organization, or a managed care contractor that operates a managed care plan; 26  (6) "managed care plan" means a health care plan operated by a 27 managed care entity; "managed care plan" does not include an integrated medical 28 group contracting with a health care plan for the direct provision of health care 29 services to a health care plan enrollee; 30  (7) "participating health care provider" means a health care provider 31 who has entered into an agreement with a managed care entity to provide services or 01 supplies to a patient enrolled in a managed care plan; 02  (8) "provider" means a health care provider; 03  (9) "utilization review" means a system of reviewing the medical 04 necessity, appropriateness, or quality of health care services and supplies provided 05 under a managed care plan using specified guidelines, including preadmission 06 certification, the application of practice guidelines, continued stay review, discharge 07 planning, preauthorization of ambulatory procedures, and retrospective review. 08 * Sec. 2. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LEGISLATION. (a) The director of the division 09 of insurance shall develop recommendations for legislative action to address the issue of 10 regulating health care or managed care entities that seek to contract directly with employers 11 or other purchasers on a risk-assuming basis. The recommendations must identify the type 12 of health care or managed care entities and the scope of activities of these entities that should 13 be subject to regulation by the state. In preparing the recommendations, the director shall 14 consider the current state statutory and regulatory requirements for health maintenance 15 organizations and insurance companies issuing health benefits plans in the state, as well as 16 federal legislation and laws and court rulings, to determine how these health care and managed 17 care entities that assume risk should be regulated. 18 (b) The director shall report to the legislature and to the governor as required by (a) 19 of this section within one year of the effective date of this Act. 20 * Sec. 3. This Act takes effect July 1, 1998.