03/22/2011 09:00 AM Senate STATE AFFAIRS
| Audio | Topic |
|---|---|
| Start | |
| HB28 | |
| SB94 | |
| Overview: Japan's Nuclear Crisis: What It Means for Alaska | |
| Adjourn |
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
| += | HB 28 | TELECONFERENCED | |
| += | SB 94 | TELECONFERENCED | |
| + | TELECONFERENCED | ||
ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE
SENATE STATE AFFAIRS STANDING COMMITTEE
March 22, 2011
9:02 a.m.
MEMBERS PRESENT
Senator Bill Wielechowski, Chair
Senator Joe Paskvan, Vice Chair
Senator Albert Kookesh
Senator Kevin Meyer
Senator Cathy Giessel
MEMBERS ABSENT
All members present
COMMITTEE CALENDAR
COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE FOR HOUSE BILL NO. 28(FIN)
"An Act relating to temporary courtesy licenses for certain
nonresident professionals and to a temporary exemption from fees
and other licensing requirements for active duty members of the
armed forces."
- MOVED SCS CSHB 28(STA) OUT OF COMMITTEE
SENATE BILL NO. 94
"An Act adding a second verse to the official Alaska state
song."
- MOVED SB 94 OUT OF COMMITTEE
OVERVIEW: JAPAN'S NUCLEAR CRISIS: WHAT IT MEANS FOR ALASKA
- HEARD
REVIOUS COMMITTEE ACTION
BILL: HB 28
SHORT TITLE: TEMP LICENSE/FEE WAIVER FOR PROFESSIONALS
SPONSOR(s): REPRESENTATIVE(s) THOMAS, HERRON, FEIGE
01/18/11 (H) PREFILE RELEASED 1/7/11
01/18/11 (H) READ THE FIRST TIME - REFERRALS
01/18/11 (H) L&C, FIN
02/07/11 (H) L&C AT 3:15 PM BARNES 124
02/07/11 (H) Moved CSHB 28(L&C) Out of Committee
02/07/11 (H) MINUTE(L&C)
02/09/11 (H) L&C RPT CS(L&C) NT 7DP
02/09/11 (H) DP: THOMPSON, SADDLER, JOHNSON, HOLMES,
MILLER, SEATON, OLSON
02/16/11 (H) FIN AT 1:30 PM HOUSE FINANCE 519
02/16/11 (H) Moved CSHB 28(FIN) Out of Committee
02/16/11 (H) MINUTE(FIN)
02/18/11 (H) FIN RPT CS(FIN) NT 11DP
02/18/11 (H) DP: FAIRCLOUGH, GARA, T.WILSON,
GUTTENBERG, JOULE, NEUMAN, COSTELLO,
EDGMON,
02/18/11 (H) DOOGAN, STOLTZE, THOMAS
02/23/11 (H) TRANSMITTED TO (S)
02/23/11 (H) VERSION: CSHB 28(FIN)
02/24/11 (S) READ THE FIRST TIME - REFERRALS
02/24/11 (S) STA, L&C
03/08/11 (S) STA AT 9:00 AM BUTROVICH 205
03/08/11 (S) Heard & Held
03/08/11 (S) MINUTE(STA)
03/22/11 (S) STA AT 9:00 AM BUTROVICH 205
BILL: SB 94
SHORT TITLE: SECOND VERSE OF ALASKA'S STATE SONG
SPONSOR(s): SENATOR(s) DAVIS
02/25/11 (S) READ THE FIRST TIME - REFERRALS
02/25/11 (S) CRA, STA
03/08/11 (S) CRA AT 3:30 PM BELTZ 105 (TSBldg)
03/08/11 (S) Moved SB 94 Out of Committee
03/08/11 (S) MINUTE(CRA)
03/09/11 (S) CRA RPT 5DP
03/09/11 (S) DP: OLSON, KOOKESH, WAGONER, ELLIS,
MENARD
03/09/11 (S) FIN REFERRAL ADDED AFTER STA
03/17/11 (S) STA AT 9:00 AM BUTROVICH 205
03/17/11 (S) Heard & Held
03/17/11 (S) MINUTE(STA)
03/22/11 (S) STA AT 9:00 AM BUTROVICH 205
WITNESS REGISTER
KACI SCHROEDER, Staff to Representative Bill Thomas
Alaska State Legislature
Juneau, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Presented HB 28 for Representative Bill
Thomas, the sponsor.
SENATOR BETTYE DAVIS
Alaska State Legislature
Juneau, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Sponsor of SB 94.
MICHELLE SYDEMAN, Staff to Senator Bill Wielechowski
Alaska State Legislature
Juneau, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Presented information on fiscal note for SB
94.
JONATHAN EDWARDS, Director
Radiation Protection Division
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
POSITION STATEMENT: Explained monitoring and assessment
functions of the Radiation Protection Agency.
DR. JOE MCLAUGHLIN, State Epidemiologist
Division of Public Health
Department of Health and Social Services
Juneau, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Discussed possible health impacts and steps
Alaskans can take to protect themselves.
CHRIS LABORDE
Preparedness Program Manager
Division of Public Health
Department of Health and Social Services
Juneau, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Discussed possible health impacts and steps
Alaskans can take to protect themselves.
GREG WILKENSON, Public Information Officer
Division of Public Health
Department of Health and Social Services
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Discussed possible health impacts and steps
Alaskans can take to protect themselves.
CLYDE PEARCE, Chief of Radiological Health
Division of Public Health
Department of Health and Social Services
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Discussed possible health impacts and steps
Alaskans can take to protect themselves.
BRIAN FISHER, Chief of Operations for Homeland Security
Department of Military and Veterans Affairs
Juneau, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Presented information about emergency
responses to nuclear fallout related to the Japanese nuclear
threat.
MAJOR GENERAL THOMAS H. KATKUS, Commissioner
Department of Military and Veterans Affairs
Ft. Richardson, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Presented information about emergency
preparedness related to the Japanese nuclear threat.
MICHAEL O'HARE, Deputy Director
Division of Homeland Security
Department of Military and Veterans Affairs
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Presented information about the Japanese
nuclear threat and what it means for Alaska.
ALICE EDWARDS, Director
Division of Air Quality
Department of Environmental Conservation
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Presented information about the Japanese
nuclear threat related to air quality in Alaska.
KRISTIN RYAN, Director
Division of Environmental Health
Department of Environmental Conservation
Anchorage, AK
POSITION STATEMENT: Presented information about the Japanese
nuclear threat and what it means for Alaska.
ACTION NARRATIVE
9:02:30 AM
CHAIR BILL WIELECHOWSKI called the Senate State Affairs Standing
Committee meeting to order at 9:02 a.m. Present at the call to
order were Senators Paskvan, Giessel, Meyer, Kookesh, and Chair
Wielechowski.
HB 28-TEMP LICENSE/FEE WAIVER FOR PROFESSIONALS
9:02:52 AM
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI announced the first order of business would
be HB 28. This bill would allow the spouse of a service member
on active duty to obtain a temporary license if he or she
practices in a field regulated by the state's Department of
Commerce and meets Alaska's professional standards.
SENATOR PASKVAN moved to adopt the proposed Senate committee
substitute (SCS) for HB 28, labeled 27-LS0192\Y, as the working
document.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI objected for discussion purposes.
KACI SCHROEDER, staff to Representative Bill Thomas, sponsor of
HB 28, explained the change in the SCS appears on page 2,
subsection (d). It narrows the definition of "active duty" to
include only those who are in a combat zone, danger pay post, or
qualified hazardous duty area.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI removed his objection and version Y was
before the committee.
SENATOR GIESSEL thanked Representative Thomas for making the
changes.
SENATOR PASKVAN moved to report HB 28, version Y, from committee
with individual recommendations and accompanying fiscal notes.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI announced that without objection, SCS CSHB
28(STA) moved from the Senate State Affairs Standing Committee.
SB 94-SECOND VERSE OF ALASKA'S STATE SONG
9:05:07 AM
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI announced the next order of business would be
SB 94.
SENATOR DAVIS, sponsor of SB 94, thanked the committee for
hearing the bill in a timely manner. She said last year this
bill passed the senate and it has passed the house several
times, but never both houses at the same time. She does have a
concern about the indeterminate fiscal note.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI noted that all members should have the
statement of intent in their packets.
MICHELLE SYDEMAN, staff to Senator Bill Wielechowski, said that
last year this bill passed through four committees with a zero
fiscal note. This year there was an indeterminate fiscal note
issued by the Office of the Governor at the last moment. The
Office of Management and Budget raised the issues that state
publications might need to be reprinted, and the possibility of
copyright fees. She said that Senator Davis' office has a letter
stating there would be no copyright fee, and Chair Wilechowski's
office has prepared a letter of intent.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI read the letter of intent, as follows:
SB 94: Second Verse of the Alaska State Song
Legislative Intent
It is the intent of the Alaska State
Legislature that no additional funds be
spent to re-print state publications simply
to include the second verse of the Alaska
State Song. Instead, re-printing of
publications should occur on the schedule it
would otherwise have occurred had the second
verse not been adopted.
SENATOR PASKVAN moved to adopt the legislative intent language
for SB 94. Without objection, the intent language was adopted.
SENATOR PASKVAN moved to report SB 94 from committee with
individual recommendations and attached fiscal note(s) and
intent language. There being no objection, it was so ordered.
9:09:12 AM
At-ease from 9:09 to 9:11 a.m.
^Overview: Japan's Nuclear Crisis: What it Means for Alaska
Overview: Japan's Nuclear Crisis: What it Means for Alaska
9:11:22 AM
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI said the committee would now turn its
attention to the tragic events in Japan following the 9.0
magnitude earthquake that struck the region 11 days ago and the
devastating tsunami that followed. On top of the initial damage
wrought by the quake and tsunami, generators at the Fukushima
Daiichi nuclear power plant were knocked out by flooding that
reached the site. According to the International Atomic Energy
Agency, the situation remains very serious. Chair Wielechowski
said this hearing was scheduled because many Alaskans have been
wondering what, if anything, this disaster could mean for
Alaska.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI announced the first speaker would be Jonathan
Edwards, Director of the Radiation Protection Division with the
Environmental Protection Agency, on-line from Washington, D.C.
9:13:10 AM
JONATHAN EDWARDS, Director, Radiation Protection Division,
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,
said that given the type of radio nuclides, weather conditions,
and long transport time, they do not expect to see any type of a
public health impact to the United States. Radiation monitoring
equipment is in place; the system was designed several decades
ago while doing nuclear weapons testing. It was in place during
the Chernobyl accident and is in place and operating now. In
2005, the system was upgraded so there are many enhancements
that give them a very good picture of what is in the
environment.
9:16:30 AM
The system is looking for fission products. Uranium 235 splits
into a one-third, two-third part. In the top part are fission
products like cesium, iodine, and xenon. In the bottom one-
third, you see things like strontium and krypton. These tend to
have longer half lives. The Radnet system consists of 124
monitors across the U.S. Alaska has three permanent sites, in
Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau. These are pulling air through
a filter in order to draw as many particles out of the air as
quickly as possible.
There is a specially designed probe up-linked to a satellite and
down-linked to a lab in Montgomery, Alabama. These probes
produce hourly reports on Alpha and Gamma radiation. Gamma
radiation is like x-rays; Alpha radiation takes a bit trickier
analysis. This monitor gives a very good indication of what is
happening near the monitors. The air filters are pulled off
twice a week and sent to the lab for detailed analysis.
9:19:56 AM
In addition to the Radnet monitors, Mr. Edwards said, the EPA
decided to send three additional monitors to the state after the
accident, due to Alaska's proximity to Japan. These are in Dutch
Harbor, Nome, and Juneau. This was done out of an abundance of
caution. EPA wanted to make sure they had very good coverage.
The scientists at the National Air and Radiation environmental
lab are much schooled in looking at this data. These fission
products are cesium and iodine, which will be up-taken by the
thyroid, and strontium tends to behave chemically like calcium,
being absorbed into the bones.
9:22:44 AM
Once the filters are pulled off the monitors, it takes two to
three days to receive all of the detailed analysis. Some of the
analysis takes several days to obtain the confirmation. The
filters are to back up the real-time probes. The levels that are
being seen now continue to remain at background level. The
system will automatically alarm if there is any increase from
background. EPA expects the levels to remain below guidelines
for public reaction; they don't expect to see any harmful levels
of radiation.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI asked about trajectory forecasts of air
currents, and under what circumstances radioactive materials
might be transported to Alaska.
9:25:14 AM
MR. EDWARDS answered it is a bit out of EPA's mission to talk
about specific modeling results; however, weather typically
takes two days to reach the Aleutians from Japan. For detailed
weather forecasts and modeling projections, the Department of
Energy and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
should speak about that. One thing about this situation
different from Chernobyl is that the Chernobyl accident happened
when the reactor was at full power. It burned for 10 days. This
was a huge heat source that drove contaminants up into the
atmosphere. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission could talk more
specifically about that.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI asked if there were a large radioactive
release in Japan, how much notice would Alaskans have and how
should they respond.
9:27:53 AM
MR. EDWARDS answered that EPA does not expect to see such an
event. There really is no need for any type of precautions;
however, there are plans in place that have established
protection action guides at projected doses to the public.
Triggers for sheltering in place, protective action guides for
evacuation, administration of stable iodine, guidance on when to
evacuate; these are all well thought out and well accepted for
several decades since the Three Mile Island accident. EPA would
look at levels and if they were to increase, that information
would be quickly reviewed and assessed; then data would be
looked at and passed to the Federal Advisory Team for
Environment, Food, And Health, with federal experts from EPA,
FDA, CDC, and USDA, and they would review any data and quickly
assess projected doses.
9:31:14 AM
SENATOR PASKVAN said there are Alaskans in Japan right now, and
asked what Mr. Edwards thoughts were concerning the radius of
danger in Japan itself.
MR. EDWARDS replied the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has
been working with Japanese authorities to make sure Americans in
Japan receive correct information via the state department.
SENATOR PASKVAN asked what the radius of danger is.
MR. EDWARDS answered guidance from the U.S. embassy is that
Americans within 50 miles of the plant should evacuate. That was
different from the Japanese 20 kilometers. The embassy made sure
that word got out as quickly as possible. They are also looking
at food products in the area.
SENATOR GIESSEL asked about a context for people going to the
EPA web site. What is normal yearly exposure and what levels
should cause concern.
MR. EDWARDS responded the National Council for Radiation
Protection says the average exposure is about 620 millarems per
year; half of this comes from natural sources and the other half
from medical exposures. This varies across the country and
within different populations, but it is the general average.
Readings from monitors are extremely low compared to that.
Typical background level is in the range of 10-12 micro rs per
hour; that is several orders of magnitude lower than background.
9:36:01 AM
If Alaska were to receive higher levels from the release, the
sensors would pick this up immediately. The current levels are
millions of times lower than areas of concern.
DR. JOE MCLAUGHLIN, State Epidemiologist, Division of Public
Health, Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS), said
there are only three key messages: there is no immediate or
anticipated threat for harmful levels of radiation to reach
Alaska; Alaska's seafood is unlikely to be affected; all
Alaskans should assemble a home response kit and family
emergency plan.
DSHS has a duty to inform the public about steps that they can
take to mitigate a radiation emergency. It also has a duty to
protect the public from radiation exposure, and to distribute
medications, provide follow-up for exposed persons, and assure
access to care.
DHSS has responded to media requests and issued press releases
and messages through social media. The principal message says
that there is no anticipated threat; people should not be taking
potassium iodide at this time; all Alaskans should be prepared
for any type of emergency at any time.
9:40:55 AM
SENATOR PASKVAN asked if there is a plan in place to distribute
potassium iodide or to obtain a supply.
DR. MCLAUGHLIN said radiation medications are included in the
U.S. strategic national stockpile, including potassium iodide.
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) will only deploy this
stockpile if there is a credible threat. At this point, no
public health risks are expected.
CHRIS LABORDE, Preparedness Program Manager, Division of Public
Health, Department of Health and Social Services, said the state
of Alaska does have a plan to distribute potassium iodide. We
have an Alaska strategic stockpile and it is reviewed every year
with the CDC. If there is a credible threat, a shipment would
come to the warehouse and would be delivered to community health
centers. Centers also have a plan in place for distribution to
communities.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI asked if there is enough potassium iodide in
Alaska right now.
MS. LABORDE said there is not; it would come from the CDC
national stockpile.
9:43:32 AM
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI asked how communication would work if there
were an emergency.
9:44:27 AM
GREG WILKENSON, Public Information Officer, Division of Public
Health, Department of Health and Social Services, said the state
has an extensive plan for emergency communications that is
reviewed annually. They would be notifying the public through
regular media and state websites, also Twitter and Facebook.
They would have plenty of time to get this information out to
the public.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI said he thought it would take two days for
radiation to reach Alaska from Japan, and asked how quickly
information could reach Alaskans.
MR. WILKENSEN said it could happen within one-half hour.
9:45:44 AM
DR. MCLAUGHLIN said the department recommends creating a family
emergency response plan, a household emergency supply kit, and a
vehicle emergency supply kit. If radiation levels were to rise
substantially, EPA monitoring stations would measure specific
isotopes to see if there was a threat to the public health. The
United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is closely
monitoring the situation. Less than four percent of U.S.
imported foods come from Japan. The great quantity of water in
the Pacific Ocean rapidly dilutes radioactive materials so fish
and seafood are unlikely to be affected.
9:47:32 AM
DR. MCLAUGHLIN then showed slides of notes and effects from
various rem exposures. The maximum radiation reported at the
main gate to the power plant on March 15 was 40 rem. Only 0.0008
was reported in Tokyo on that day. The 5-50 rem level shows
slightly increased risks of malformations in fetuses; 50-90
shows signs and symptoms of radiation sickness, as well as
changes in blood chemistry. Exposure above 90 rems is more
serious. Radiation medications are included in the strategic
national stockpile and will only deploy if there is a credible
threat. Alaska's seafood is unlikely to be affected. All
Alaskans should be prepared for disasters at any time.
9:50:03 AM
SENATOR GIESSEL asked how much exposure people receive when they
go through TSA screening.
CLYDE PEARCE, Chief of Radiological Health, Division of Public
Health, Department of Health and Social Services said that TSA
claims it is lower than background amounts, but a recent report
shows levels ten times higher than what TSA is stating.
DR. MCLAUGHLIN said that U.S. customs and border protection
deploys radiation detection equipment at both air and seaports
to screen inbound travelers and cargo. In the air environment,
customs and border patrol are equipped with personal radiation
detectors. All airports have sensitive radioactive isotope
detection devices to determine both the presence and the type of
radiation.
9:52:07 AM
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI asked why Juneau has two different EPA
monitoring stations.
MR. PEARCE answered it was his understanding that the original
monitor doesn't give full data, so they added a temporary
monitor to increase capability.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI asked if anyone had studied weather patterns
to see which parts of Alaska might be in the jet stream from a
radiation release.
BRIAN FISHER, Chief of Operations for Homeland Security and
Emergency Management, Department of Military and Veterans
Affairs, said the most important message today is that all
Alaskans should be prepared, have an emergency supply kit, and a
family disaster communications plan. If there was any
notification by the federal government about potential exposure
to radiation, they would work with DHSS and DEC to coordinate
efforts. They would handle this situation like a tsunami
warning, and would be extremely pro-active in contacting local
officials in all communities in the potential path of any kind
of threat.
9:56:48 AM
It is important to let everyone know the military would not make
specific recommendations or issue orders; local officials are
best able to make that call. Often it is safer to stay put than
try to evacuate a whole community.
MAJOR GENERAL THOMAS H. KATKUS, Alaska Army National Guard,
Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, said he didn't want
to repeat what was already heard, but would take questions.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI asked how an order to take shelter would be
implemented, and what assistance would be provided.
DR. MCLAUGHLIN said that decision would be made at the local
level. Citizens should have an emergency supply kit already
available. The military would provide information to local
officials. The most likely recommendation would be to shelter in
place. Individual communities have their own communication
systems.
10:00:38 AM
SENATOR MEYER asked if Alaska is involved in helping to find
survivors of the earthquake, and why are military families being
evacuated.
GENERAL KATKUS said some crews in direct support of efforts in
Japan do have Alaska National Guardsmen on flights; this past
weekend seven Alaska National Guardsmen were involved either
directly or indirectly on those flights. The refueling wing is
standing ready to support other airborne assets. The Alaska
National Guard is directly working under the support of the
Alaska Command; there are contingencies to address American
citizens leaving Japan. Right now everything is voluntary, and
the U.S. military will assist wherever it can.
10:02:52 AM
GENERAL KATKUS also said the main effort of the Department of
Military and Veterans Affairs in Alaska would not be command and
control; rather, the military is here for support. They make
sure to have oversight through communication and preparedness,
and offer assistance and coordination. They ensure that everyone
is working as a team. They suggest, provide resources, and
address concerns. They are supporters, not first responders.
10:04:26 AM
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI asked if evacuation were needed, how it would
be handled.
GENERAL KATKUS answered that happens regularly in rural Alaska
communities, such as river watch during spring break-up. There
are different levels of evacuation; shelter in place, schools or
other shelter; and weather permitting, by aircraft or boats or
land transportation. Communities have their own contingency
plans.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI asked if most communities have good
evacuation plans in place.
GENERAL KATKUS responded any plan is better than no plan.
Communities have a plan; the National Guard helps them to
improve it.
10:06:24 AM
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI asked what the chain of command is.
GENERAL KATKUS answered the governor directs all state assets;
he may ask the federal government for assistance. All state
officials are in the chain of command and responsible for their
individual communities.
MICHAEL O'HARE, Deputy Director, Division of Homeland Security,
Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, said every event is
local. They provide support at the local community level, and
provide state resources; if the state can't provide needed
resources, they ask other states and the federal government.
ALICE EDWARDS, Division Director for Air Quality, Department of
Environmental Conservation, said she would answer questions.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI asked about weather patterns.
MS. EDWARDS said she was not sure; that was probably handled
through NOA or the National Weather Service.
10:09:10 AM
KRISTIN RYAN, Director of Environmental Health, Department of
Environmental Conservation, said she was available for
questions.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI asked about problems with Alaska seafood.
MS. RYAN responded there are no problems so far. DEC is
monitoring outfall; so far there is no concern about uptake by
seafood species. Any deposit in the ocean would dilute beyond a
noticeable impact.
CHAIR WIELECHOWSKI said hopefully the reactors will quickly be
brought under control and the Japanese can begin the process of
rebuilding. Our thoughts and prayers are with the Japanese.
10:10:53 AM
There being no further business to come before the committee,
he adjourned the meeting at 10:00 a.m.
| Document Name | Date/Time | Subjects |
|---|---|---|
| DHSS_Epidemiology_2011 Japan Earthquake Bulletin.pdf |
SSTA 3/22/2011 9:00:00 AM |
Japan Nuclear Crisis |
| DHSS Radiation Briefing Juneau 3 22 11 FINAL.pdf |
SSTA 3/22/2011 9:00:00 AM |
Japan Nuclear Crisis |
| DHSS_Commissioner_Radiation Fact Sheet.pdf |
SSTA 3/22/2011 9:00:00 AM |
Japan Nuclear Crisis |
| Japan Nuclear Situation_Holdman Witmer Briefing Doc.pdf |
SSTA 3/22/2011 9:00:00 AM |
Japan Nuclear Crisis |
| Japan Nuclear Situation_Media Samples.pdf |
SSTA 3/22/2011 9:00:00 AM |
Japan Nuclear Crisis |