SB 84: "An Act relating to the confidentiality of investigations, court hearings, and public agency records and information in child-in-need-of-aid matters and certain child protection matters; relating to immunity regarding disclosure of information in child-in-need-of-aid matters and certain child protection matters; amending Rules 3 and 22, Alaska Child in Need of Aid Rules of Procedure; and providing for an effective date."
00 SENATE BILL NO. 84 01 "An Act relating to the confidentiality of investigations, court hearings, and public 02 agency records and information in child-in-need-of-aid matters and certain child 03 protection matters; relating to immunity regarding disclosure of information in child-in- 04 need-of-aid matters and certain child protection matters; amending Rules 3 and 22, 05 Alaska Child in Need of Aid Rules of Procedure; and providing for an effective date." 06 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF ALASKA: 07 * Section 1. The uncodified law of the State of Alaska is amended by adding a new section 08 to read: 09 FINDINGS AND INTENT. (a) The legislature finds that 10 (1) public knowledge of, access to, and oversight of the child protection 11 system in this state are important to the success of and public confidence in that system; 12 (2) records of the child protection system in this state historically have been 13 held strictly confidential and not accessible by the public;
01 (3) federal law, which provides substantial financing for the child protective 02 system in this state, has codified this historical preference for confidentiality of those records; 03 (4) greater access to records and other information about the child protection 04 system will allow the public to make more informed judgments about the performance of state 05 government agencies responsible for the protection of children in this state; 06 (5) a limited relaxation of the state confidentiality laws will provide important 07 information to the public while ensuring that the privacy rights of the children involved and 08 their families are not infringed; and 09 (6) several states have opened to the public court hearings regarding child 10 protection, without federal financial sanctions being imposed. 11 (b) It is the intent of the legislature that this Act is construed to allow wider access to 12 the public to hearings of and information about the child protection system 13 (1) without jeopardizing the receipt of federal money important to the 14 successful operation of that system; and 15 (2) consistent with respect for the important privacy rights of the children 16 involved, and their families, recognized in art. I, sec. 22, Constitution of the State of Alaska. 17 * Sec. 2. AS 47.10.070(a) is amended to read: 18 (a) The court may conduct the hearing on the petition in an informal manner. 19 The court shall give notice of the hearing to the department, and it may send a 20 representative to the hearing. The court shall also transmit a copy of the petition to the 21 department. The department shall send notice of the hearing to the persons for whom 22 notice is required under AS 47.10.030(b) and to each grandparent of the child entitled 23 to notice under AS 47.10.030(d). The department and the persons to whom the 24 department must send notice of the hearing are entitled to be heard at the hearing. 25 Except as provided in (c) of this section, and unless prohibited by federal or state 26 statute or regulation, court order, or court rule, a hearing is open to the public 27 [HOWEVER, THE COURT MAY LIMIT THE PRESENCE OF THE FOSTER 28 PARENT OR OTHER OUT-OF-HOME CARE PROVIDER AND OF ANY 29 GRANDPARENT OF THE CHILD TO THE TIME DURING WHICH THE 30 PERSON'S TESTIMONY IS BEING GIVEN IF IT IS (1) IN THE BEST INTEREST 31 OF THE CHILD; OR (2) NECESSARY TO PROTECT THE PRIVACY
01 INTERESTS OF THE PARTIES AND WILL NOT BE DETRIMENTAL TO THE 02 CHILD. THE PUBLIC SHALL BE EXCLUDED FROM THE HEARING, BUT 03 THE COURT, IN ITS DISCRETION, MAY PERMIT INDIVIDUALS TO ATTEND 04 A HEARING IF THEIR ATTENDANCE IS COMPATIBLE WITH THE BEST 05 INTERESTS OF THE CHILD]. 06 * Sec. 3. AS 47.10.070 is amended by adding new subsections to read: 07 (c) Except as provided in (e) of this section, the following hearings in child-in- 08 need-of-aid cases are closed to the public: 09 (1) the initial court hearing after the filing of a petition to commence 10 the child-in-need-of-aid case; 11 (2) a hearing following the initial hearing in which a parent, child, or 12 other party to the case is present but has not had an opportunity to obtain legal 13 representation; 14 (3) a hearing, or a part of a hearing, for which the court issues a written 15 order finding that allowing the hearing, or part of the hearing, to be open to the public 16 would reasonably be expected to 17 (A) stigmatize or be emotionally damaging to a child; 18 (B) inhibit a child's testimony in that hearing; 19 (C) disclose matters otherwise required to be kept confidential 20 by state or federal statute or regulation, court order, or court rule; or 21 (D) interfere with a criminal investigation or proceeding or a 22 criminal defendant's right to a fair trial in a criminal proceeding; before ruling 23 on a request under this subparagraph, the court shall give notice and an 24 opportunity to be heard to the state or a municipal agency that is assigned to 25 the criminal investigation or to the prosecuting attorney. 26 (d) If a hearing, or part of a hearing, in a child-in-need-of-aid case is not 27 closed under (c) of this section, the court shall hear in camera any information offered 28 regarding the location, or readily leading to the location, of a parent, child, or other 29 party to the case who is a victim of domestic violence. Access to testimony heard in 30 camera under this subsection is limited to the court and authorized court personnel. 31 (e) The grandparents of the child and the foster parents or other out-of-home
01 care provider may attend hearings that are otherwise closed to the public under (c) of 02 this section. However, the court shall limit the presence of these persons in a hearing 03 closed to the public to the time during which the person's testimony is being given if 04 the court determines that such a limitation is necessary under (c)(3) of this section. In 05 this subsection, "out-of-home care provider" means an agency or person, other than 06 the child's legal parents, with whom a child who is in the custody of the state under 07 AS 47.10.080(c)(1) or (3), 47.10.142, or AS 47.14.100(c) is currently placed; "agency 08 or person" includes a foster parent, a relative other than a parent, a person who has 09 petitioned for adoption of the child, and a residential child care facility. 10 (f) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, a person attending a 11 hearing open to the public may not disclose a name, picture, or other information that 12 would readily lead to the identification of a child who is the subject of the child-in- 13 need-of-aid case. At the beginning of the hearing, the court shall issue an order 14 specifying the restrictions necessary to comply with this subsection. If a person 15 violates the order, the court may impose any appropriate sanction, including contempt 16 and closure of any further hearings in the case to the person. 17 * Sec. 4. AS 47.10.080 is amended by adding a new subsection to read: 18 (t) A hearing conducted under this section is open to the public unless an 19 exception provided in AS 47.10.070(c) applies to make the hearing closed to the 20 public or unless prohibited by federal or state statute or regulation. 21 * Sec. 5. AS 47.10.088 is amended by adding a new subsection to read: 22 (l) A trial or hearing conducted under this section is open to the public unless 23 an exception provided in AS 47.10.070(c) applies to make the trial or hearing closed 24 to the public. 25 * Sec. 6. AS 47.10.090(c) is amended to read: 26 (c) Within 30 days after [OF] the date of a child's [MINOR'S] 18th birthday 27 or, if the court retains jurisdiction of a child [MINOR] past the child's [MINOR'S] 28 18th birthday, within 30 days after [OF] the date on which the court releases 29 jurisdiction over the child [MINOR], the court shall order all the court's official 30 records pertaining to that child [MINOR] in a proceeding under this chapter sealed. A 31 person may not use these sealed records unless authorized by order of [FOR ANY
01 PURPOSE EXCEPT THAT] the court upon a finding of [MAY ORDER THEIR 02 USE FOR] good cause [SHOWN]. 03 * Sec. 7. AS 47.10.090(d) is amended to read: 04 (d) Except as provided in AS 47.10.070 and 47.10.080(t), the [THE] name 05 or picture of a child [MINOR] under the jurisdiction of the court may not be made 06 public in connection with the child's [MINOR'S] status as a child in need of aid unless 07 authorized by order of the court or unless to implement the permanency plan for a 08 child after all parental rights of custody have been terminated. This subsection 09 does not prohibit the release of aggregate information for statistical or other 10 informational purposes if the identify of any particular person is not revealed by 11 the release. 12 * Sec. 8. AS 47.10.093(a) is amended to read: 13 (a) Except as specified in AS 47.10.092 and in (b) - (g) and (k) - (n) [(b) - 14 (g)] of this section, all information and social records pertaining to a child [MINOR] 15 who is subject to this chapter or AS 47.17 prepared by or in the possession of a 16 federal, state, or municipal agency or employee in the discharge of the agency's or 17 employee's official duty are privileged and may not be disclosed directly or indirectly 18 to anyone without a court order. 19 * Sec. 9. AS 47.10.093(b) is amended to read: 20 (b) A state or municipal agency or employee shall disclose appropriate 21 confidential information regarding a case to 22 (1) a guardian ad litem appointed by the court; 23 (2) a person or an agency requested by the department or the child's 24 legal custodian to provide consultation or services for a child who is subject to the 25 jurisdiction of the court under AS 47.10.010 as necessary to enable the provision of 26 the consultation or services; 27 (3) a foster parent [PARENTS] or relative [RELATIVES] with 28 whom the child is placed by the department as [MAY BE] necessary to enable the 29 foster parent [PARENTS] or relative [RELATIVES] to provide appropriate care to 30 [FOR] the child [WHO IS THE SUBJECT OF THE CASE], to protect the safety of 31 the child [WHO IS THE SUBJECT OF THE CASE], and to protect the safety and
01 property of family members and visitors of the foster parent [PARENTS] or relative 02 [RELATIVES]; 03 (4) a school official [OFFICIALS] as [MAY BE] necessary to enable 04 the school to provide appropriate counseling and support services to a [THE] child 05 who is the subject of the case, to protect the safety of the child [WHO IS THE 06 SUBJECT OF THE CASE], and to protect the safety of school students and staff; 07 (5) a governmental agency as [MAY BE] necessary to obtain that 08 agency's assistance for the department in its investigation or to obtain physical custody 09 of a child; 10 (6) a law enforcement agency of this state or another jurisdiction as 11 [MAY BE] necessary for the protection of any child or for actions by that agency to 12 protect the public safety; 13 (7) a member [MEMBERS] of a multidisciplinary child protection 14 team created under AS 47.14.300 as [MAY BE] necessary for the performance of the 15 member's [THEIR] duties; 16 (8) the state medical examiner under AS 12.65 as [MAY BE] 17 necessary for the performance of the duties of the state medical examiner; 18 (9) a person who has made a report of harm as required by 19 AS 47.17.020 to inform the person that the investigation was completed and of action 20 taken to protect the child who was the subject of the report; [AND] 21 (10) the child support services agency established in AS 25.27.010 as 22 [MAY BE] necessary to establish and collect child support for a child who is a child in 23 need of aid under this chapter; 24 (11) a caregiver of a child or an entity responsible for ensuring the 25 safety of children as necessary to protect the safety of a child; and 26 (12) a review panel established by the department for the purpose 27 of reviewing the actions taken by the department in a specific case. 28 * Sec. 10. AS 47.10.093(c) is repealed and reenacted to read: 29 (c) A state or municipal law enforcement agency shall disclose information 30 regarding a case that is needed by the person or agency charged with making a 31 preliminary investigation for the information of the court under AS 47.10.020.
01 * Sec. 11. AS 47.10.093(f) is amended to read: 02 (f) The department may release to a person with a legitimate interest 03 confidential information relating to minors not subject to the jurisdiction of the court 04 under AS 47.10.010. [THE DEPARTMENT SHALL ADOPT REGULATIONS 05 GOVERNING THE RELEASE OF INFORMATION AND IDENTIFYING A 06 SUFFICIENT LEGITIMATE INTEREST.] 07 * Sec. 12. AS 47.10.093(g) is amended to read: 08 (g) The department and affected law enforcement agencies shall work with 09 school districts and private schools to develop procedures for the disclosure of 10 confidential information to a school official [OFFICIALS] under (b)(4) of this 11 section. The procedures must provide a method for informing the principal or the 12 principal's designee of the school that the student attends as soon as it is reasonably 13 practicable. 14 * Sec. 13. AS 47.10.093 is amended by adding new subsections to read: 15 (k) The department may disclose to the public, upon request, confidential 16 information, as set out in (l) of this section, when 17 (1) the parent or guardian of a child who is the subject of a report of 18 harm under AS 47.17 has made a public disclosure concerning the department's 19 involvement with the family; 20 (2) the alleged perpetrator named in a report of harm under AS 47.17 21 has been charged with a crime concerning the alleged abuse or neglect; or 22 (3) a report of harm under AS 47.17 has resulted in the fatality or near 23 fatality of that child. 24 (l) The type of information that may be publicly disclosed under (k) of this 25 section is information related to the determination, if any, made by the department 26 regarding the validity of a report of harm under AS 47.17 of the child and the 27 department's activities arising from the department's investigation of the report. The 28 department 29 (1) may withhold disclosure of the child's name, picture, or other 30 information that would readily lead to the identification of the child if the department 31 determines that such a disclosure would be contrary to the best interests of the child,
01 the child's siblings, or other children in the child's household; or 02 (2) after consultation with a prosecuting attorney, may withhold 03 disclosure of information that would reasonably be expected to interfere with a 04 criminal investigation or proceeding or a criminal defendant's right to a fair trial in a 05 criminal proceeding. 06 (m) Except for a disclosure made under (k) of this section, a person to whom 07 disclosure is made under this section may not disclose confidential information about 08 the child or the child's family to a person not authorized to receive it. 09 (n) The department may adopt regulations to implement and interpret its 10 duties under this section, including regulations governing the release of confidential 11 information and identifying a sufficient legitimate interest under (f) of this section. 12 * Sec. 14. AS 47.10 is amended by adding a new section to read: 13 Sec. 47.10.094. Immunity from liability. A person may not bring an action 14 for damages against the state, a municipality, or state or municipal agencies, officers, 15 employees, or agents based on the disclosure or nondisclosure of information in 16 accordance with this chapter. 17 * Sec. 15. AS 47.10.990 is amended by adding a new paragraph to read: 18 (28) "near fatality" means physical injury or other harm, as certified by 19 a physician, caused by an act or omission that created a substantial risk of death. 20 * Sec. 16. The uncodified law of the State of Alaska is amended by adding a new section to 21 read: 22 DIRECT COURT RULE AMENDMENT. Rule 3(c), Alaska Child in Need of 23 Aid Rules of Procedure, is amended to read: 24 (c) Presence of Grandparent or Foster Parent. A grandparent of a child 25 and the foster parent or other out-of-home care provider are [IS] entitled to be heard 26 at any hearing at which the person is present. However, the court may limit the 27 presence of these persons in a hearing that has been closed to the public under 28 subparagraph (f)(2) of this rule [THE FOSTER PARENT OR CARE PROVIDER] 29 to the time during which the person's testimony is being given if the court determines 30 that such a limitation is necessary under the circumstances listed in 31 subparagraph (f)(2)(C) of this rule [IT IS (1) IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE
01 CHILD; OR (2) NECESSARY TO PROTECT THE PRIVACY INTERESTS OF 02 THE PARTIES AND WILL NOT BE DETRIMENTAL TO THE CHILD]. 03 * Sec. 17. The uncodified law of the State of Alaska is amended by adding a new section to 04 read: 05 DIRECT COURT RULE AMENDMENT. Rule 3(f), Alaska Child in Need of 06 Aid Rules of Procedure, is repealed and reenacted to read: 07 (f) General Public Access to Hearings. 08 (1) Except as provided in (2) of this paragraph, and unless prohibited 09 by federal or state statute or regulation, court order, or other court rule, hearings are 10 open to the public. 11 (2) The following hearings are closed to the public: 12 (A) the initial court hearing after the filing of a petition that 13 begins the child-in-need-of-aid case; 14 (B) a hearing following the initial hearing in which a parent, 15 child, or other party to the case is present but has not had an opportunity to 16 obtain legal representation; 17 (C) a hearing, or a part of a hearing, for which the court issues 18 a written order finding that allowing the hearing, or part of the hearing, to be 19 open to the public would reasonably be expected to stigmatize or be 20 emotionally damaging to a child; inhibit a child's testimony in the hearing; 21 disclose matters otherwise required to be kept confidential by state or federal 22 statute or regulation, court order, or court rule; or interfere with a criminal 23 investigation or proceeding or a criminal defendant's right to a fair trial in a 24 criminal proceeding. 25 (3) Before ruling on a request under (2)(C) of this paragraph 26 concerning potential interference with a criminal investigation or proceeding, the court 27 shall give notice and an opportunity to be heard to the state or a municipal agency that 28 is assigned to the criminal investigation or to the prosecuting attorney. 29 (4) If the court closes a hearing to the public under (2)(C) of this 30 paragraph, the court shall only close the portions of the hearing necessary to prevent 31 the potential harm listed in (2)(C) of this paragraph. If a hearing, or part of a hearing,
01 is open to the public, the court shall hear in camera any information offered regarding 02 the location, or readily leading to the location, of a parent, child, or other party to the 03 case who is a victim of domestic violence. Access to testimony heard in camera under 04 this subparagraph is limited to the court and authorized court personnel. 05 (5) Notwithstanding any other provision of this rule, the court shall 06 issue an order to prohibit all persons in a hearing open to the public from disclosing to 07 any person a name, picture, or other information that would readily lead to the 08 identification of a child who is the subject of the proceeding. If a person violates the 09 order, the court may impose any appropriate sanction, including contempt and closure 10 of any further hearings in the proceeding to the person. 11 (6) A party to the proceeding may move the court to close to the public 12 a hearing, or part of the hearing, to avoid the harm specified in (2)(C) of this 13 paragraph. A member of the public may request in writing to be served with a motion 14 filed under this subparagraph. If such a request has been filed in advance of the filing 15 of the motion, the party filing the motion must also serve the member of the public 16 who requested notice under this subparagraph. The court may waive the service 17 required under this subparagraph to a member of the public if a motion to close the 18 hearing, or part of the hearing, is made under this subparagraph immediately before or 19 during the hearing and the court finds that 20 (A) the need for closure was not reasonably foreseeable 21 sufficiently in advance of the hearing to allow for notice; 22 (B) there is good cause not to delay the hearing in order to 23 achieve notice, taking into consideration the age of the child and the potential 24 adverse effect that a delay could have on the child; and 25 (C) whatever notice is practicable under the circumstances has 26 occurred. 27 * Sec. 18. The uncodified law of the State of Alaska is amended by adding a new section to 28 read: 29 DIRECT COURT RULE AMENDMENT. Rule 22(c), Alaska Child in Need 30 of Aid Rules of Procedure, is amended to read: 31 (c) Child's Name or Picture. The name or picture of a child who is the
01 subject of a CINA proceeding may not be made available to the public unless 02 authorized by court order accompanied by a written statement reciting the 03 circumstances which support such authorization, or unless to implement the 04 permanency plan for the child after all parental rights of custody have been 05 terminated. 06 * Sec. 19. The uncodified law of the State of Alaska is amended by adding a new section to 07 read: 08 APPLICABILITY. (a) This Act applies to all proceedings and hearings conducted on 09 or after the effective date of secs. 1 - 18 of this Act. 10 (b) This Act applies to all information, records, and files created on or after the 11 effective date of secs. 1 -18 of this Act; however, if a file contains information and records 12 that were created before the effective date of secs. 1 - 18 of this Act, that information and 13 those records retain the confidentiality status that they had under the law on the day before the 14 effective date of secs. 1 - 18 of this Act. 15 * Sec. 20. The uncodified law of the State of Alaska is amended by adding a new section to 16 read: 17 TRANSITION: REGULATIONS. The Department of Health and Social Services 18 may immediately proceed to adopt regulations necessary to implement the changes made by 19 this Act. The regulations take effect under AS 44.62 (Administrative Procedure Act), but not 20 before the effective date of the statutory changes. 21 * Sec. 21. The uncodified law of the State of Alaska is amended by adding a new section to 22 read: 23 REPORT. By December 1, 2006, the governor shall issue a report, including any 24 recommendations for statutory changes, to the public and the legislature on the 25 implementation of this Act. 26 * Sec. 22. The uncodified law of the State of Alaska is amended by adding a new section to 27 read: 28 CONDITIONAL EFFECT. Sections 2 - 7 of this Act take effect only if secs. 16 - 18 29 of this Act receive the two-thirds majority vote of each house required by art. IV, sec. 15, 30 Constitution of the State of Alaska. 31 * Sec. 23. Section 20 of this Act takes effect immediately under AS 01.10.070(c).
01 * Sec. 24. Except as provided in sec. 23 of this Act, this Act takes effect July 1, 2005.